{"doi":"10.2217/pgs-2020-0045","title":"Further evidence for the association of <i>GAL</i> , <i>GALR1</i>  and <i>NPY1R</i>  variants with Opioid Dependence","abstract":"Aim: Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease that has genetic and environmental, including drug-induced, contributions. Stress influences the development of addictions. This study was conducted to determine if variants in stress-related genes are associated with opioid dependence (OD). Patients & methods: One hundred and twenty variants in 26 genes were analyzed in 597 Dutch subjects. Patients included 281 OD in methadone maintenance with or without heroin-assisted treatment and 316 controls. Results: Twelve SNPs in seven genes showed a nominally significant association with OD. Experiment-wise significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for three SNP pairs, through an interaction effect: NPY1R/GAL rs4691910/rs1893679, NPY1R/GAL rs4691910/rs3136541 and GALR1/GAL rs9807208/rs3136541. Conclusion: This study lends more evidence to previous reports of association of stress-related variants with heroin dependence.","journal":"Pharmacogenomics","year":2020,"id":113703,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8615,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":536309,"name":"Orna Levran","orcid":"0000-0002-5136-4184","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536310,"name":"Wim van den Brink","orcid":"0000-0001-8301-0121","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536311,"name":"Peter Blanken","orcid":"0000-0003-4847-4259","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":537053,"name":"Jan M. van Ree","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54824,"name":"Jürg Ott","orcid":"0000-0002-6188-1388","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":436614,"name":"Mary Jeanne Kreek","orcid":"0000-0001-8562-9091","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536308,"name":"Matthew Randesi","orcid":"0000-0003-3093-5141","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:25.964732Z","pmid":"32757697","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}