{"doi":"10.2215/cjn.01070121","title":"APOL1 Risk Variants and Acute Kidney Injury in Black Americans with COVID-19","abstract":"Background and objectives Black Americans have a higher incidence of kidney disease compared with populations that do not have recent African ancestry. Two risk variants in the APOL1 are responsible for a portion of this higher risk. We sought to assess the odds of AKI conferred by APOL1 risk alleles in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Black Americans who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were genotyped to determine APOL1 risk allele status. We assessed the incidence of AKI, persistent AKI, and AKI requiring KRT within 21 days of the PCR-based diagnosis. Outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, eGFR, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. Results In total, 126 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included within a 5-month period, with 16 (13%) and 110 (87%) cases with two and zero/one APOL1 high-risk alleles, respectively. AKI occurred in 11 (69%) patients with two APOL1 high-risk alleles and 39 (35%) patients with zero/one high-risk alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 4.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 17.52; P =0.04). Persistent AKI occurred in eight (50%) patients with two APOL1 high-risk alleles and 21 (19%) of those with zero/one high-risk alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 11.57; P =0.04). AKI KRT occurred in four (25%) of those with two APOL1 high-risk alleles and eight (7%) of those with zero/one high-risk alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 4.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 24.4, P =0.05). Conclusions APOL1 high-risk alleles are associated with greater odds of AKI in Black American patients with COVID-19.","journal":"Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","year":2021,"id":180896,"datarank":0.4335557636844247,"base_score":2.8903717578961645,"endowment":2.8903717578961645,"self_citation_contribution":0.4335557636844247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4335557636844247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9236,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":731028,"name":"Terrance J. Wickman","orcid":"0000-0003-2372-9227","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731790,"name":"Juarez R. Braga","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731791,"name":"Luis A. Matute-Trochez","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731792,"name":"Anna E. Hasty","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648158,"name":"Lyndsey R. Buckner","orcid":"0000-0002-9088-609X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245938,"name":"John M. Arthur","orcid":"0000-0003-4342-4762","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731029,"name":"Randy S. Haun","orcid":"0000-0002-2653-2510","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731030,"name":"Juan Carlos Q. Velez","orcid":"0000-0001-9670-1095","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245941,"name":"Christopher P. Larsen","orcid":"0000-0002-7175-0242","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":31,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:01.257885Z","pmid":"36630401","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}