{"doi":"10.21769/bioprotoc.3573","title":"Preparation of a Bacteriophage T4-based Prokaryotic-eukaryotic Hybrid Viral Vector for Delivery of Large Cargos of Genes and Proteins into Human Cells","abstract":"A viral vector that can safely and efficiently deliver large and diverse molecular cargos into cells is the holy grail of curing many human diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been extensively used but has a very small capacity. The prokaryotic virus T4 has a large capacity but lacks natural mechanisms to enter mammalian cells. Here, we created a hybrid vector by combining T4 and AAV into one nanoparticle that possesses the advantages of both. The small 25 nm AAV particles are attached to the large 120 nm x 86 nm T4 head through avidin-biotin cross-bridges using the phage decoration proteins Soc (small outer capsid protein) and Hoc (highly antigenic outer capsid protein). AAV thus \"piggy-backed\" on T4 capsid, by virtue of its natural ability to enter many types of human cells efficiently acts as a \"driver\" to deliver large cargos associated with the T4 head. This unique T4-AAV hybrid vector approach could pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics in the future.","journal":"BIO-PROTOCOL","year":2020,"id":88103,"datarank":0.47747257944140714,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.11778828852165148,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.11778828852165148,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":5,"citers_with_citation_signal":3,"citers_with_endowment":3,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9514,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":334678,"name":"Tao Pan","orcid":"0000-0002-0082-2229","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":123457,"name":"Marthandan Mahalingam","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":123459,"name":"Venigalla B. Rao","orcid":"0000-0002-0777-6587","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447119,"name":"Jingen Zhu","orcid":"0000-0001-7738-7053","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":19,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:00:56.736935Z","pmid":"33659543","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}