{"doi":"10.2147/ijn.s121238","title":"Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure","abstract":null,"journal":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","year":2016,"id":652090,"datarank":0.6496100010429497,"base_score":4.330733340286331,"endowment":4.330733340286331,"self_citation_contribution":0.6496100010429497,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6496100010429497,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":75,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":457585,"name":"Bingyun Li","orcid":"0000-0002-5766-5666","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1700915,"name":"Andrea L Armstead","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure","abstract":"As the number of commercial and consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) continually rises, the increased use and production of these ENMs presents an important toxicological concern. Although ENMs offer a number of advantages over traditional materials, their extremely small size and associated characteristics may also greatly enhance their toxic potentials. ENM exposure can occur in various consumer and industrial settings through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal routes. Although the importance of accurate ENM characterization, effective dosage metrics, and selection of appropriate cell or animal-based models are universally agreed upon as important factors in ENM research, at present, there is no \"standardized\" approach used to assess ENM toxicity in the research community. Of particular interest is occupational exposure to tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) \"dusts,\" composed of nano- and micro-sized particles, in hard metal manufacturing facilities and mining and drilling industries. Inhalation of WC-Co dust is known to cause \"hard metal lung disease\" and an increased risk of lung cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying WC-Co toxicity, the inflammatory disease state and progression to cancer are poorly understood. Herein, a discussion of ENM toxicity is followed by a review of the known literature regarding the effects of WC-Co particle exposure. The risk of WC-Co exposure in occupational settings and the updates of in vitro and in vivo studies of both micro- and nano-WC-Co particles are discussed.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.330733340286331,"endowment":4.330733340286331,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"27942214","pmcid":"PMC5138053","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2558216459","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"P20 GM103434","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"P30 GM103488","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIH HHS","grant_id":"S10 OD016165","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5P20GM103434-13","title":"West Virginia IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (WV-INBRE)"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5P30GM103488-03","title":"CoBRE for Signal Transduction and Cancer Phase III"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5P20GM103434-16","title":"West Virginia IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (WV-INBRE)"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"1S10OD016165-01","title":"Special Becton Dickinson Fortessa Flow Cytometer"},{"funder_name":"National Science Foundation","grant_id":"1003907","title":"Bionanotechnology for Public Security and Environmental Safety"}],"total_grants":8,"fwci":2.449,"citation_percentile":0.89122235,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":8},{"year":2019,"count":6},{"year":2020,"count":14},{"year":2021,"count":11},{"year":2022,"count":8},{"year":2023,"count":7},{"year":2024,"count":9},{"year":2025,"count":7},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=33842","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=33842","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s121238","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27942214","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/1cc1dfb206164ccc97bb29eb2bc4fa27","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.dovepress.com/nanotoxicity-emerging-concerns-regarding-nanomaterial-safety-and-occu-peer-reviewed-article-IJN","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5138053","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5138053","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5138053?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S121238","host_type":""},{"url":"https://www.dovepress.com/nanotoxicity-emerging-concerns-regarding-nanomaterial-safety-and-occu-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s121238","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","Nanotechnology research and applications","Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Animals","Cobalt","Humans","Lung Diseases","Nanoparticles","Occupational Exposure","Tungsten Compounds"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cobalt","Humans","Lung Diseases","Occupational Exposure","Tungsten Compounds","Nanoparticles"],"keywords":["Nanotoxicology","Nanomaterials","Materials science","Hard metal","Occupational exposure","Nanotechnology","Nanoparticle","Medicine","Metallurgy","Environmental health","Toxicity","Cancer","Lung disease","Particle","Engineered Nanomaterial","Lung Diseases","International Journal of Nanomedicine","Animals","Humans","Nanoparticles","Review","Cobalt","Tungsten Compounds"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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