{"doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800030036x","title":"Bacterial Reduction of Perchlorate and Nitrate in Water","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A bacterial isolate, strain perclace, was shown to reduce the ground water contaminant perchlorate (ClO<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) to levels &lt;0.005 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> when grown on acetate under anaerobic conditions. The ability of perclace to simultaneously reduce perchlorate and another ground water pollutant, nitrate (NO<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sub>3</jats:sub>), was examined in batch studies and in a sand‐packed column under saturated flow conditions. Nitrate removal was monitored using ion chromatography, and perchlorate removal was monitored using a perchlorate specific electrode or ion chromatography, depending on the study. In batch studies, the reduction of 0.089, 0.92, 12.0, and 122 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> perchlorate was examined in the presence and absence of 62 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. Perchlorate was reduced more rapidly in the absence of NO<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> than in its presence. However, both perchlorate and NO<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> were reduced by more than 10‐fold within 48 h. A sand‐packed column (2.8 by 14 cm) inoculated with perclace simulated a flow‐through biotreatment system for water contaminated with a low level of perchlorate (0.130 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and a much higher level of NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (125 and 20 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Biotreatment could reduce perchlorate to &lt;0.005 mg L in a 3 h residence time. The addition of NOr initially decreased the efficiency of perchlorate removal, however within 1 d the biotreatment system had adjusted such that there was complete removal of perchlorate and the reduction of NO<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> to &lt;1 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Environmental Quality","year":1999,"id":35739,"datarank":15.04688052691183,"base_score":5.262690188904886,"endowment":5.262690188904886,"self_citation_contribution":0.7894035283357329,"citation_network_contribution":14.257476998576097,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7894035283357329,"citer_contribution":14.257476998576097,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":192,"citer_count":179,"citers_with_citation_signal":163,"citers_with_endowment":163,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":48.75,"fair_percentile":32.561262168512926,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":182448,"name":"William T. Frankenberger","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":182447,"name":"David C. Herman","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":5.262690188904886,"endowment":5.262690188904886,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"18998881","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1980195564","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":7.1167,"citation_percentile":0.97835251,"influential_citations":18,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":7},{"year":2013,"count":11},{"year":2014,"count":9},{"year":2015,"count":8},{"year":2016,"count":6},{"year":2018,"count":5},{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":4},{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800030036x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800030036x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800030036x","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact","Water Treatment and Disinfection","Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","Chemistry","Environmental Science","Biology"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Perchlorate","Chemistry","Nitrate","Chlorate","Packed bed","Ion chromatography","Chromatography","Environmental chemistry","Inorganic chemistry","Ion","Organic chemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-10T08:33:10.643290Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":100.0,"fair_a":70.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":0.0532,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":48.75,"has_llm":false,"dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":100.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_has_doi","label":"Has a persistent DOI","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"DOI present","rationale":null},{"key":"f_repository_presence","label":"Indexed in repositories / literature DBs","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"datacite=0, pmcid=False, pmid=True","rationale":null},{"key":"f_persistent_ids","label":"Resolvable scholarly identifiers (OpenAlex)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"OpenAlex id present","rationale":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":70.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_open_access","label":"Open Access / files deposited","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.5,"signal":"files/OA location present but not flagged OA","rationale":null},{"key":"a_retrievable","label":"Free full text retrievable","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"3 OA location(s)","rationale":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_linked_data","label":"Linked datasets / DataCite relations","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"linked_datasets=0, datacite=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standard_ids","label":"References data via standard accessions","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"accessions=0, trials=0","rationale":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":25.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_license","label":"Clear, open reuse license","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.5,"signal":"license present (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor)","rationale":null},{"key":"r_downloads","label":"Demonstrated reuse (downloads)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"downloads=0","rationale":null},{"key":"r_version","label":"Versioned / maintained","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no version chain","rationale":null},{"key":"r_dataset","label":"Classified as a data resource","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"not a dataset","rationale":null}]}},"suggestions":["Link the underlying datasets via DOIs / DataCite relations.","Reference data using standard accessions (e.g. GEO, PDB, ClinicalTrials.gov).","Maintain explicit versioning for the dataset.","Make the paper/data Open Access or deposit the files in an open repository.","Attach a clear, open reuse license (e.g. CC-BY or CC0)."],"model":null,"agent_version":"fair_agent_v1","fulltext_source":"abstract_only"},"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v1","fair_fulltext_source":"abstract_only","fair_has_llm":false,"fair_computed_at":"2026-06-10T14:12:08.485919Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}