{"doi":"10.20944/preprints202506.0804.v1","title":"First Design of a Contact Lens for Diagnosis of Dehydration","abstract":"Dehydration is a serious medical problem for elder patients and young children. The most widely used diagnostics are measurements of sodium-ion (Na+) and potassium-ion (K+) in blood serum. Dehydration is difficult to diagnose even by trained health care professionals because the body compensates to maintain the appearance of skin. These measurements required a blood draw because specific tests are generally not available for only Na+ and K+. The blood samples are analyzed by an electrolyte panel (EP) or a basic metabolic panel (BMP). Most hospitals limit EP and BMP to one per day to control costs. More frequent measurements of Na+ and K+ are needed, especially during rehydration. We designed on a fluorescent contact lens (NaK-CL) that can provide the Na+ and K+ concentrations as needed or for continuous monitoring. The measurements are obtained from the fluorescent lifetime or wavelength-ratiometric intensities of the Na+ and K+ sensitive fluorophores. The NaK-CL does not contain electronic components and are inexpensive to prepare.","journal":"Preprints.org","year":2025,"id":567855,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9586,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":127047,"name":"E. Albert Reece","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":361304,"name":"Joseph R. Lakowicz","orcid":"0000-0003-3032-3620","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1472052,"name":"Kundan Sivashanmugan","orcid":"0009-0000-1767-7462","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:48.183032Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}