{"doi":"10.20411/pai.v8i2.634","title":"Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC. METHODS: Data was collected from a prospectively enrolled cohort (n=379) of COVID-negative and COVID-positive participants with and without PASC. Primary outcomes, endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemic index [RHI]), and arterial elasticity (measured by augmentation index standardized at 75 bpm [AI]), were measured using the FDA approved EndoPAT. Patient characteristics, labs, metabolic measures, markers of inflammation, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were collected at each study visit, and PASC symptoms were categorized into 3 non-exclusive phenotypes: cardiopulmonary, neurocognitive, and general. COVID-negative controls were propensity score matched to COVID-negative-infected cases using the greedy nearest neighbor method. RESULTS: There were 14.3% of participants who were fully recovered COVID positive and 28.5% who were COVID positive with PASC, averaging 8.64 ± 6.26 total number of symptoms. The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function (P=0.33). Age (P<0.0001), female sex (P<0.0001), and CRP P=0.04) were positively associated with arterial stiffness, and COVID positive PASC positive with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes had the worst arterial elasticity (highest AI). Values for AI (P=0.002) and ox-LDL (P<0.0001) were independently and positively associated with an increased likelihood of having PASC. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of an independent association between PASC, ox-LDL, and arterial stiffness with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes having the worst arterial elasticity. Future studies should continue investigating the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PASC.","journal":"Pathogens and Immunity","year":2023,"id":347241,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8967,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":689029,"name":"Jared Durieux","orcid":"0000-0002-1238-5580","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1038937,"name":"Christian Mouchati","orcid":"0000-0002-3958-4125","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295813,"name":"Nicholas Funderburg","orcid":"0000-0003-3113-1217","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1039555,"name":"Kate Ailstock","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":775082,"name":"Shang Chee Chong","orcid":"0000-0002-7155-9691","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689979,"name":"Danielle Labbato","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247284,"name":"Grace A. McComsey","orcid":"0000-0003-2690-8888","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1038938,"name":"Sokratis N. Zisis","orcid":"0000-0002-2257-1483","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":29,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:11:57.720122Z","pmid":"38156116","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}