{"doi":"10.20411/pai.v6i1.441","title":"Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Are Detectable in Saliva","abstract":"The approved Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are well known to induce serum antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-protein. However, their abilities to elicit mucosal immune responses have not been reported. Saliva antibodies represent mucosal responses that may be relevant to how mRNA vaccines prevent oral and nasal SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we describe the outcome of a cross-sectional study on a healthcare worker cohort (WELCOME-NYPH), in which we assessed whether IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to the S-protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were present in serum and saliva samples. Anti-S-protein IgG was detected in 14/31 and 66/66 of saliva samples from uninfected participants after vaccine doses-1 and -2, respectively. IgA antibodies to the S-protein were present in 40/66 saliva samples after dose 2. Anti-S-protein IgG was present in every serum sample from recipients of 2 vaccine doses. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the RBD were also frequently present in saliva and sera. These findings may help our understanding of whether and how vaccines may impede SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including to oral cavity target cells.","journal":"Pathogens and Immunity","year":2021,"id":148140,"datarank":7.013067201958041,"base_score":4.912654885736052,"endowment":4.912654885736052,"self_citation_contribution":0.736898232860408,"citation_network_contribution":6.2761689690976326,"self_endowment_contribution":0.736898232860408,"citer_contribution":6.2761689690976326,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":135,"citer_count":122,"citers_with_citation_signal":107,"citers_with_endowment":107,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9543,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":630322,"name":"Devidas N. Chaturbhuj","orcid":"0000-0003-0276-0671","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631400,"name":"Victor M. Cruz Portillo","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":562540,"name":"Erik Francomano","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631401,"name":"Encouse B. Golden","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631402,"name":"Sharanya Chandrasekhar","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631403,"name":"Gargi Debnath","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631404,"name":"Randy Diaz-Tapia","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249509,"name":"Anila Yasmeen","orcid":"0000-0002-2386-8991","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631405,"name":"Kyle D. Kramer","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631406,"name":"Tarek Munawar","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631407,"name":"Wilhem Leconet","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":561975,"name":"Zhen Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-9742-5982","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240716,"name":"Philip J. M. Brouwer","orcid":"0000-0002-2902-7739","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550386,"name":"Melissa M. Cushing","orcid":"0000-0001-8042-1494","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240718,"name":"Rogier W. Sanders","orcid":"0000-0002-2324-8573","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630323,"name":"Albert Cupo","orcid":"0000-0001-7579-3525","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249513,"name":"Per Johan Klasse","orcid":"0000-0001-8222-278X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259685,"name":"Silvia C. Formenti","orcid":"0000-0002-8227-8924","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249512,"name":"John P. Moore","orcid":"0000-0002-9902-6096","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253814,"name":"Thomas J. Ketas","orcid":"0000-0001-9380-7716","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":38,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:42:41.063423Z","pmid":"34136730","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}