{"doi":"10.20411/pai.v10i1.734","title":"Increased Chemokine Production is a Hallmark of Rhesus Macaque Natural Killer Cells Mediating Robust Anti-HIV Envelope-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity","abstract":"Background: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) response mediated by natural killer (NK) cells correlates with decreased infection risk in studies involving simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates. Currently, the heterogeneities of the functional subset of rhesus macaque natural killer (RMNK) cells are under-characterized. Method: We engaged the RMNK cells with ADCC-mediating anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (ADCCAbs) or anti-CD16 antibodies and used CD107a expression as the surrogate marker for RMNK cells actively involved in ADCC. CD107a+ and CD107a– populations were analyzed individually using single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: Subsets of CD107a+ RMNK cells produced more chemokines than the others, suggesting that these cells not only eliminate infected cells but also provide immunoregulatory signals and potentially curb HIV-1 replication. Crosslinking of Fc gamma receptor IIIa via anti-CD16 antibodies resulted in a significantly higher percentage of degranulating cells than via ADCCAbs. However, the magnitude of degranulation and chemokine production was reduced by 6- to 30-fold. Conclusion: The quality and quantity of receptor engagement are important determinants of achieving an optimal level of the RMNK response.","journal":"Pathogens and Immunity","year":2025,"id":560838,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9576,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":640198,"name":"Tyler Evangelous","orcid":"0000-0001-9858-2114","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":498299,"name":"Madison Berry","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1149271,"name":"Whitney Edwards Beck","orcid":"0000-0002-0055-2003","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":722429,"name":"Sarah V. Mudrak","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438387,"name":"Shalini Jha","orcid":"0000-0002-9792-2161","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107632,"name":"R. Keith Reeves","orcid":"0000-0003-3157-2557","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274230,"name":"Kevin Wiehe","orcid":"0000-0001-9933-9618","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344231,"name":"Justin Pollara","orcid":"0000-0003-1892-4722","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1212973,"name":"Georgia D Tomaras","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319999,"name":"Todd Bradley","orcid":"0000-0002-1601-631X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249714,"name":"Guido Ferrari","orcid":"0000-0001-7747-3349","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":725480,"name":"Junsuke Nohara","orcid":"0000-0001-5387-5837","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":79,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:55:46.921885Z","pmid":"39911143","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}