{"doi":"10.18332/popmed/139173","title":"The importance of urban planning: Views of greenness and open space is reversely associated with self-reported views and depressive symptoms","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Exposure to green spaces is beneficial to mental health in a variety of ways, ranging from stress reduction to increased attentiveness and elevated self-esteem. The impact of views of greenness, as opposed to direct exposure, has been examined, but the association between self-reported views and depressive symptoms is not known. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between views of greenness and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score. METHODS: Questionnaire responses from 191 participants in the Health, Environment, and Action in Louisville (HEAL) study were examined. Univariate statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman rank tests. Inferential statistical analysis was linear regression. RESULTS: Participant satisfaction with residential greenness was significantly associated with reduced PHQ-9 score (partially adjusted: linear coefficient = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.70 - -0.14; fully adjusted: linear coefficient = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.44 - 0.02). Additionally, being satisfied with local greenness was significantly associated with having views of greenness from home (linear coefficient = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.23-2.68). CONCLUSIONS: Though views of greenness were not directly associated with depression, satisfaction with local greenness was associated with reduced PHQ-9 score, and having views of greenness from home was crudely associated with increased greenness satisfaction. The findings suggest urban greening interventions that focus on greenness satisfaction may be a strategy to reduce depression. Further research is necessary to better understand these relationships.","journal":"Population Medicine","year":2021,"id":191096,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9624,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":415902,"name":"Joy L. Hart","orcid":"0000-0003-3220-2638","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":436133,"name":"Lindsey A. Wood","orcid":"0000-0001-6581-074X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355675,"name":"Aruni Bhatnagar","orcid":"0000-0001-6818-0384","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":520726,"name":"Rachel J. Keith","orcid":"0000-0003-3877-0636","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535315,"name":"Ray Yeager","orcid":"0000-0002-5897-1913","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299859,"name":"T. Lynn Smith","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":756031,"name":"Madeline M. Tomlinson","orcid":"0009-0006-2369-7818","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":756701,"name":"Delana Gilkey","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":756032,"name":"Savanna Kerstiens","orcid":"0000-0002-4596-1580","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":589011,"name":"Hong Gao","orcid":"0009-0004-1231-4127","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":756033,"name":"Sanjay Srivastava","orcid":"0000-0001-6899-664X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415901,"name":"Kandi L. Walker","orcid":"0000-0003-1719-588X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":423366,"name":"Jack Pfeiffer","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:31.121780Z","pmid":"34368779","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}