{"doi":"10.17615/xkp4-8672","title":"Cell Host Response to Infection with Novel Human Coronavirus EMC Predicts Potential Antivirals and Important Differences with SARS Coronavirus","abstract":"A novel human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC) was recently identified in the Middle East as the causative agent of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) resembling the illness caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Although derived from the CoV family, the two viruses are genetically distinct and do not use the same receptor. Here, we investigated whether HCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV induce similar or distinct host responses after infection of a human lung epithelial cell line. HCoV-EMC was able to replicate as efficiently as SARS-CoV in Calu-3 cells and similarly induced minimal transcriptomic changes before 12 h postinfection. Later in infection, HCoV-EMC induced a massive dysregulation of the host transcriptome, to a much greater extent than SARS-CoV. Both viruses induced a similar activation of pattern recognition receptors and the interleukin 17 (IL-17) pathway, but HCoV-EMC specifically down-regulated the expression of several genes within the antigen presentation pathway, including both type I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. This could have an important impact on the ability of the host to mount an adaptive host response. A unique set of 207 genes was dysregulated early and permanently throughout infection with HCoV-EMC, and was used in a computational screen to predict potential antiviral compounds, including kinase inhibitors and glucocorticoids. Overall, HCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV elicit distinct host gene expression responses, which might impact in vivo pathogenesis and could orient therapeutic strategies against that emergent virus.","journal":"UNC Libraries","year":2020,"id":70838,"datarank":0.8708499123894238,"base_score":2.995732273553991,"endowment":2.995732273553991,"self_citation_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citation_network_contribution":0.4214900713563251,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citer_contribution":0.4214900713563251,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":19,"citers_with_citation_signal":15,"citers_with_endowment":15,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9583,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":375473,"name":"Pavel Sova","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103705,"name":"Rachel L. Graham","orcid":"0000-0002-3143-6515","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374527,"name":"Laurence Josset","orcid":"0000-0002-7158-1186","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5952,"name":"Ralph S. Baric","orcid":"0000-0001-6827-8701","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105503,"name":"Boyd L. Yount","orcid":"0000-0002-6099-8429","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105508,"name":"Lisa E. Gralinski","orcid":"0000-0003-1374-8002","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":375474,"name":"Victoria S. Carter","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330068,"name":"Michael G. Katze","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105316,"name":"Vineet D. Menachery","orcid":"0000-0001-8803-7606","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300195,"name":"Sudhakar Agnihothram","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:43:32.585486Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}