{"doi":"10.17615/gxn6-2e85","title":"Dominance of the CD4 + T helper cell response during acute resolving hepatitis A virus infection","abstract":"CD4+ T cells play a dominant role in control of acute HAV infection in chimpanzees.Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection typically resolves within 4–7 wk but symptomatic relapse occurs in up to 20% of cases. Immune mechanisms that terminate acute HAV infection, and prevent a relapse of virus replication and liver disease, are unknown. Here, patterns of T cell immunity, virus replication, and hepatocellular injury were studied in two HAV-infected chimpanzees. HAV-specific CD8+ T cells were either not detected in the blood or failed to display effector function until after viremia and hepatitis began to subside. The function of CD8+ T cells improved slowly as the cells acquired a memory phenotype but was largely restricted to production of IFN-γ. In contrast, CD4+ T cells produced multiple cytokines when viremia first declined. Moreover, only CD4+ T cells responded during a transient resurgence of fecal HAV shedding. This helper response then contracted slowly over several months as HAV genomes were eliminated from liver. The findings indicate a dominant role for CD4+ T cells in the termination of HAV infection and, possibly, surveillance of an intrahepatic reservoir of HAV genomes that decays slowly. Rapid contraction or failure to sustain such a CD4+ T cell response after resolution of symptoms could increase the risk of relapsing hepatitis A.","journal":"UNC Libraries","year":2020,"id":117834,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9504,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":548532,"name":"Jérémie Guedj","orcid":"0000-0002-5534-5482","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548533,"name":"Christopher M. Walker","orcid":"0000-0003-1580-1620","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548534,"name":"Dan Xu","orcid":"0000-0002-4645-2665","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291274,"name":"Alan S. Perelson","orcid":"0000-0002-2455-0002","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415265,"name":"Stanley M. Lemon","orcid":"0000-0003-1450-806X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548535,"name":"Yan Zhou","orcid":"0000-0003-4259-8015","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236195,"name":"Zongdi Feng","orcid":"0000-0001-7913-1027","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":418558,"name":"Robert E. Lanford","orcid":"0000-0003-4980-2920","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":521548,"name":"Lucinda Hensley","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":306147,"name":"Benoît Callendret","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248302,"name":"Kathleen M. Brasky","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:54.951170Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}