{"doi":"10.17615/gxj3-gn14","title":"Long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women","abstract":"Background: Studies of the association between aircraft noise and hypertension are complicated by inadequate control for potential confounders and a lack of longitudinal assessments, and existing evidence is inconclusive. Objectives: We evaluated the association between long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension among post-menopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials, an ongoing prospective U.S. cohort. Methods: Day-night average (DNL) and night equivalent sound levels (Lnight) were modeled for 90 U.S. airports from 1995 to 2010 in 5-year intervals using the Aviation Environmental Design Tool and linked to participant geocoded addresses from 1993 to 2010. Participants with modeled exposures ≥45 A-weighted decibels (dB [A]) were considered exposed, and those outside of 45 dB(A) who also did not live in close proximity to unmodeled airports were considered unexposed. Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or inventoried/self-reported antihypertensive medication use. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident hypertension when exposed to DNL or Lnight ≥45 versus <45 dB(A), controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental/contextual factors. Results/discussion: There were 18,783 participants with non-missing DNL exposure and 14,443 with non-missing Lnight exposure at risk of hypertension. In adjusted models, DNL and Lnight ≥45 db(A) were associated with HRs of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93, 1.08) and 1.06 (95%CI: 0.91, 1.24), respectively. There was no evidence supporting a positive exposure-response relationship, and findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. Indications of elevated risk were seen among certain subgroups, such as those living in areas with lower population density (HRinteraction: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.72, 0.98) or nitrogen dioxide concentrations (HRinteraction: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.71, 0.95), which may indicate lower ambient/road traffic noise. Our findings do not suggest a relationship between aircraft noise and incident hypertension among older women in the U.S., though associations in lower ambient noise settings merit further investigation.","journal":"UNC Libraries","year":2024,"id":499509,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9647,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":693945,"name":"Jessica H. Leibler","orcid":"0000-0002-0605-0928","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1347455,"name":"Doan Dong Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0002-3404-0292","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":594952,"name":"Jason M. Collins","orcid":"0000-0002-2903-797X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218550,"name":"Eric A. Whitsel","orcid":"0000-0003-4843-3641","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1348049,"name":"J.I Levy","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1348050,"name":"M.P Fox","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":595936,"name":"Melissa Eliot","orcid":"0000-0003-3280-935X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":896394,"name":"Stephanie T. Grady","orcid":"0000-0002-1544-358X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":914750,"name":"Andrew Malwitz","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1347456,"name":"J.L. Peters","orcid":"0009-0000-2309-6605","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1317117,"name":"J.D Stewart","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11268,"name":"JoAnn E. Manson","orcid":"0000-0002-9426-7595","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266061,"name":"Gregory A. Wellenius","orcid":"0000-0003-0427-7376","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:09:53.188165Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}