{"doi":"10.17615/gwtm-gg53","title":"Hyperpolarized 13 C spectroscopy and an NMR-compatible bioreactor system for the investigation of real-time cellular metabolism","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to combine a three-dimensional NMR-compatible bioreactor with hyperpolarized 13C NMR spectroscopy in order to probe cellular metabolism in real time. JM1 (immortalized rat hepatoma) cells were cultured in a three-dimensional NMR-compatible fluidized bioreactor. 31P spectra were acquired before and after each injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate and subsequent 13C spectroscopy at 11.7 T. 1H and two-dimensional 1H-1H-total correlation spectroscopy spectra were acquired from extracts of cells grown in uniformly labeled 13C-glucose, on a 16.4 T, to determine 13C fractional enrichment and distribution of 13C label. JM1 cells were found to have a high rate of aerobic glycolysis in both two-dimensional culture and in the bioreactor, with 85% of the 13C label from uniformly labeled 13C-glucose being present as either lactate or alanine after 23 h. Flux measurements of pyruvate through lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase in the bioreactor system were 12.18 ± 0.49 nmols/sec/108 cells and 2.39 ± 0.30 nmols/sec/108 cells, respectively, were reproducible in the same bioreactor, and were not significantly different over the course of 2 days. Although this preliminary study involved immortalized cells, this combination of technologies can be extended to the real-time metabolic exploration of primary benign and cancerous cells and tissues prior to and after therapy.","journal":"UNC Libraries","year":2020,"id":114904,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9611,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":346628,"name":"Mark Van Criekinge","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":540411,"name":"Rex E. Jeffries","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":539459,"name":"Matthew L. Zierhut","orcid":"0000-0002-5221-9157","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236063,"name":"Kayvan R. Keshari","orcid":"0000-0002-5181-8035","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":460832,"name":"John Kurhanewicz","orcid":"0000-0002-3544-5339","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":488328,"name":"David M. Wilson","orcid":"0000-0002-1095-046X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":524572,"name":"Jeffrey M. Macdonald","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345507,"name":"Daniel B. Vigneron","orcid":"0000-0001-5795-8699","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":540410,"name":"Brian J. Dewar","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:33.226937Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}