{"doi":"10.17615/g7ax-ph52","title":"Human parainfluenza virus type 2 V protein inhibits interferon production and signaling and is required for replication in non-human primates","abstract":"In wild-type human parainfluenza virus type 2 (WT HPIV2), one gene (the P/V gene) encodes both the polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P) and the accessory V protein. We generated a HPIV2 virus (rHPIV2-Vko) in which the P/V gene encodes only the P protein to examine the role of V in replication in vivo and as a potential live attenuated virus vaccine. Preventing expression of V protein severely impaired virus recovery from cDNA and growth in vitro, particularly in IFN-competent cells. rHPIV2-Vko, unlike WT HPIV2, strongly induced IFN-β and permitted IFN signaling, leading to establishment of a robust antiviral state. rHPIV2-Vko infection induced extensive syncytia and cytopathicity that was due to both apoptosis and necrosis. Replication of rHPIV2-Vko was highly restricted in the respiratory tract of African green monkeys and in differentiated primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, suggesting that V protein is essential for efficient replication of HPIV2 in organized epithelial cells and that rHPIV2-Vko is over-attenuated for use as a live attenuated vaccine.","journal":"UNC Libraries","year":2021,"id":230353,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9628,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":836107,"name":"Machiko Nishio","orcid":"0000-0002-5311-5798","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285634,"name":"Raymond J. Pickles","orcid":"0000-0001-8875-148X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":609008,"name":"Nicolaas Schaap","orcid":"0000-0001-7696-4752","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":682153,"name":"Christopher R. D’Angelo","orcid":"0000-0001-8456-0889","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":609007,"name":"Alexander C. Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-9226-3638","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":609009,"name":"Brian R. Murphy","orcid":"0000-0002-3771-5283","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487118,"name":"Margaret A. Scull","orcid":"0000-0002-6860-2468","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438474,"name":"Emérito Amaro-Carambot","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":80811,"name":"Peter L. Collins","orcid":"0000-0001-7543-7299","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:55:05.844766Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}