{"doi":"10.17615/ct54-nv40","title":"Implementation and Operational Research","abstract":"BACKGROUND: In 2013-2014, we achieved 89% adult HIV testing coverage using a hybrid testing approach in 32 communities in Uganda and Kenya (SEARCH: NCT01864603). To inform scalability, we sought to determine: (1) overall cost and efficiency of this approach; and (2) costs associated with point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing, multidisease services, and community mobilization. METHODS: We applied microcosting methods to estimate costs of population-wide HIV testing in 12 SEARCH trial communities. Main intervention components of the hybrid approach are census, multidisease community health campaigns (CHC), and home-based testing for CHC nonattendees. POC CD4 tests were provided for all HIV-infected participants. Data were extracted from expenditure records, activity registers, staff interviews, and time and motion logs. RESULTS: The mean cost per adult tested for HIV was $20.5 (range: $17.1-$32.1) (2014 US$), including a POC CD4 test at $16 per HIV+ person identified. Cost per adult tested for HIV was $13.8 at CHC vs. $31.7 by home-based testing. The cost per HIV+ adult identified was $231 ($87-$1245), with variability due mainly to HIV prevalence among persons tested (ie, HIV positivity rate). The marginal costs of multidisease testing at CHCs were $1.16/person for hypertension and diabetes, and $0.90 for malaria. Community mobilization constituted 15.3% of total costs. CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid testing approach achieved very high HIV testing coverage, with POC CD4, at costs similar to previously reported mobile, home-based, or venue-based HIV testing approaches in sub-Saharan Africa. By leveraging HIV infrastructure, multidisease services were offered at low marginal costs.","journal":"UNC Libraries","year":2024,"id":502658,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8517,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":255295,"name":"Maya L. Petersen","orcid":"0000-0002-5505-153X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385789,"name":"James G. Kahn","orcid":"0000-0002-1259-7233","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1352172,"name":"Wei Chang","orcid":"0000-0002-2949-269X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":58746,"name":"Diane V. Havlir","orcid":"0000-0003-0761-3136","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":411684,"name":"Emmanuel Ssemmondo","orcid":"0000-0002-2796-5027","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":496575,"name":"Kevin Kadede","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255274,"name":"Edwin D. Charlebois","orcid":"0000-0001-7237-2119","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242453,"name":"Moses R. Kamya","orcid":"0000-0001-9106-4234","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255276,"name":"Dalsone Kwarisiima","orcid":"0000-0003-2886-9261","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":594842,"name":"Daniel Mwai","orcid":"0000-0002-6750-9480","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255277,"name":"Jane Kabami","orcid":"0000-0002-0265-3174","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255285,"name":"Norton Sang","orcid":"0000-0002-0092-7776","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255283,"name":"Gabriel Chamie","orcid":"0000-0002-5860-8081","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255293,"name":"Craig R. Cohen","orcid":"0000-0001-8654-6634","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449175,"name":"Harsha Thirumurthy","orcid":"0000-0002-3308-7603","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255294,"name":"Elizabeth A. Bukusi","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-2808","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255292,"name":"Tamara D. Clark","orcid":"0000-0003-1109-6039","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:10:23.709105Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}