{"doi":"10.17615/6es4-ry33","title":"Trace elements as predictors of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnancy","abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) affects approximately 5% of all pregnancies, but is increased several-fold in women with pre-gestational type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Increased oxidative stress and altered maternal plasma trace elements that modulate the antioxidant system have been implicated in PE. In non-diabetic women, increased plasma copper and iron, and decreased manganese, selenium, and zinc have been associated with PE in cross-sectional studies. In a longitudinal study, we hypothesized that plasma levels of trace elements differ between T1DM women with vs. without subsequent PE. Samples were collected during the first (gestation 12.2 ± 1.9 weeks, (mean ± SD)), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy, all before the onset of PE. We compared 23 T1DM women who subsequently developed PE with 24 T1DM women who remained normotensive; and we included 19 non-diabetic (non-DM) normotensive pregnant women as reference controls. Trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). In T1DM women with subsequent PE vs. normotensive, only plasma zinc was significantly higher at the first trimester, while copper:zinc and copper:HDL-cholesterol ratios were higher throughout gestation (all p<0.05). These findings persisted after adjustment for covariates. Higher copper:zinc ratios may contribute to oxidative stress in T1DM women who develop PE. Ratio of pro- to anti-oxidant factors may predict risk for PE in diabetic pregnancies more effectively than individual trace element levels.","journal":"Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)","year":2020,"id":142918,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":382707,"name":"Timothy J. Lyons","orcid":"0000-0003-2106-1622","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447656,"name":"Alicia J. Jenkins","orcid":"0000-0003-0583-3717","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":610525,"name":"Bjørg Lorentzen","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447658,"name":"Satish K. Garg","orcid":"0000-0003-1850-279X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448511,"name":"Kristian F. Hanssen","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388983,"name":"Samar M. Hammad","orcid":"0000-0002-1313-2542","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":384906,"name":"Yongxin Yu","orcid":"0000-0002-2491-4806","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":600433,"name":"M. Kathryn Menard","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447657,"name":"Alison Nankervis","orcid":"0000-0002-7092-815X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":610015,"name":"Tore Henriksen","orcid":"0000-0002-3075-0895","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":421645,"name":"Arpita Basu","orcid":"0000-0002-8359-9295","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448512,"name":"James A. Scardo","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447659,"name":"Christopher E. Aston","orcid":"0000-0002-5682-715X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:17:34.768426Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}