{"doi":"10.1539/joh.l9142","title":"Indium Chloride‐induced Micronuclei in In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Systems","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p><jats:bold>Indium Chloride‐induced Micronuclei in In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Systems: Ryo Takagi, et al. Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine—</jats:bold></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of indium trichloride (InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·4H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O; InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) using the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test and the in vitro CHL/IU cell micronucleus test.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>BALB/c mice were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of InCl <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> at a dose 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg b.w. The frequency of micronuclei, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes (P/N ratio) and body weight gain were determined 24 h after administration of the InCl In the in vitro micronucleus test, CHL/IU cells were treated continuously for 24, 48, or 72 h in the absence of S9mix (the continuous treatment method) and/or for 6 h with or without S9 mix followed by an 18, 42 or 66 h recovery time (the short time treatment method). The frequency of micronuclei was determined at the end of each culture period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of micronuclei induced by InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> increased in the in vivo erythroblast‐erythrocyte micronucleus test using BALB/c mice at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.w. The P/N ratio, a marker of bone marrow toxicity, decreased significantly following the injection of InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. Body weight gain was also inhibited by InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. InCl <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> induced micronuclei in the CHL/IU cell micronucleus test in both the continuous treatment method and the short time treatment method, both with and without S9mix.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> has a genotoxic effect on mammalian cells both in vivo and in vitro.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Journal of Occupational Health","year":2011,"id":672495,"datarank":0.42498200160843247,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":793877,"name":"Yuji Suzuki","orcid":"0000-0002-8253-7017","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1757040,"name":"Yoshiko Seki","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1757041,"name":"Masateru Ikehata","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1757042,"name":"Chieko Kajihara","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1757043,"name":"Hidesuke Shimizu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1757044,"name":"Hiroyuki Yanagisawa","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1757039,"name":"Ryo Takagi","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Indium Chloride‐induced Micronuclei in In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Systems","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p><jats:bold>Indium Chloride‐induced Micronuclei in In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Systems: Ryo Takagi, et al. Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine—</jats:bold></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of indium trichloride (InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·4H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O; InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) using the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test and the in vitro CHL/IU cell micronucleus test.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>BALB/c mice were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of InCl <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> at a dose 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg b.w. The frequency of micronuclei, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes (P/N ratio) and body weight gain were determined 24 h after administration of the InCl In the in vitro micronucleus test, CHL/IU cells were treated continuously for 24, 48, or 72 h in the absence of S9mix (the continuous treatment method) and/or for 6 h with or without S9 mix followed by an 18, 42 or 66 h recovery time (the short time treatment method). The frequency of micronuclei was determined at the end of each culture period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of micronuclei induced by InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> increased in the in vivo erythroblast‐erythrocyte micronucleus test using BALB/c mice at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.w. The P/N ratio, a marker of bone marrow toxicity, decreased significantly following the injection of InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. Body weight gain was also inhibited by InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. InCl <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> induced micronuclei in the CHL/IU cell micronucleus test in both the continuous treatment method and the short time treatment method, both with and without S9mix.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that InCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> has a genotoxic effect on mammalian cells both in vivo and in vitro.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"21325779","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1983701042","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.3877,"citation_percentile":0.79735925,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":1},{"year":2013,"count":3},{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1539%2Fjoh.L9142","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1539/joh.L9142","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.l9142","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21325779","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","Fluoride Effects and Removal","Animals","Body Weight","Cells, Cultured","Erythrocytes","Humans","Indium","Male","Mice","Mice, Inbred BALB C","Micronucleus Tests","Mutagenicity Tests"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Body Weight","Cells, Cultured","Erythrocytes","Humans","Indium","Male","Mice, Inbred BALB C","Mutagenicity Tests","Micronucleus Tests","Mice"],"keywords":["Micronucleus test","Micronucleus","In vivo","In vitro","Bone marrow","Intraperitoneal injection","Chemistry","Toxicology","Pharmacology","Andrology","Molecular biology","Toxicity","Biology","Immunology","Medicine","Biochemistry","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-16T09:17:43.130076Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}