{"doi":"10.15221/25.27","title":"3DGrowthNet: A Deep Learning Model for Synthetic Aging and Conditional Shape Generation Using 3D Facial Meshes","abstract":"Accurately modeling facial growth is essential for applications in forensic science, clinical genetics, and developmental biology. We present 3DGrowthNet, a multi-task geometric deep learning framework that performs continuous synthetic aging, age and sex estimation, and conditional shape generation from 3D facial meshes. We introduce a multi-task training strategy that unifies existing synthetic aging frameworks with conditional shape generation and a continuous label embedding mechanism into a single CVAE-GAN architecture. This integration enables the network to disentangle age from identity while learning to generate anatomically plausible faces across the full age range of 0-88 years. Trained on over 5,000 scans and validated using a smaller longitudinal dataset of 60 children, the model achieves a mean prediction error of ~2 mm, improving age-invariant identification performance by nearly 20%. It also generates realistic, demographically consistent synthetic faces with high coverage (98.7%) and low Minimum Matching Distance, supporting robust data augmentation. Biomedical relevance is demonstrated through simulations of sexual dimorphism across age, revealing expected developmental trends even in sparsely sampled age ranges. Experiments show that the model is capable of generating a wide variety of realistic and demographically consistent 3D faces and supports robust data augmentation across the age spectrum. In addition to its generative capabilities, 3DGrowthNet performs age and sex estimation resulting in a median absolute age estimation error of 2.0 years and an overall sex classification accuracy of 87.7%, with performance varying across age groups. These results confirm that the model effectively encodes biologically relevant demographic information. 3DGrowthNet sets a new benchmark for realistic, demographically informed mesh synthesis and provides a foundation for advancing personalized growth modeling, forensic identification, and clinical assessment of facial dysmorphism.","journal":"3DBODY.TECH journal","year":2025,"id":576915,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9344,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":439954,"name":"Susan Walsh","orcid":"0000-0002-7064-1589","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413713,"name":"Mark D. Shriver","orcid":"0000-0003-0006-0479","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284227,"name":"Seth M. Weinberg","orcid":"0000-0001-9467-4556","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1485715,"name":"P. W. Cattaneo","orcid":"0000-0001-6877-6882","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669611,"name":"Anthony Penington","orcid":"0000-0002-3254-8623","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":383399,"name":"Peter Claes","orcid":"0000-0001-9489-9819","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1485714,"name":"Nina Claessens","orcid":"0009-0001-1923-294X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:00.620755Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}