{"doi":"10.14814/phy2.70593","title":"<scp>HIV</scp> ‐1 viral protein effect on cerebral microvasculature: An in vitro blood–brain barrier model","abstract":"The central nervous system (CNS) serves as a sanctuary for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is facilitated by HIV's ability to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB dysfunction occurs in the earliest stages of an HIV-1 infection. The immune-privileged CNS reduces harmful inflammatory responses, detrimental to the neuronal environment. BBB disruption, however, contributes to comorbidities in HIV, like cerebrovascular disease and neurocognitive problems. A 2-dimensional in vitro BBB model was employed to assess the effect of HL2/3 cell paracrine factors on select physiological parameters: cell proliferation, viability, toxicity, suppression, and morphology. BBB integrity was assessed using transendothelial electrical resistance measurements. The study utilized immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell monocultures and co-cultures with the HL2/3 cell line, emulating an in vivo HIV-1 effect on the BBB. A concentration-dependent decline in cellular proliferation rates and viability was observed upon exposure to HL2/3 paracrine factors. Moreover, an elevation in cellular suppression, cell death, and cell toxicity was observed. Permeability studies confirmed decreased impermeability after exposure to HIV-1 viral proteins in select in vitro BBB model systems. The impact of HIV viral proteins on brain capillary endothelium is critical to elucidate pathogen-induced cerebrovascular disease progression and vascular cognitive impairment in patients.","journal":"Physiological Reports","year":2025,"id":547353,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9575,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1440206,"name":"Chontrelle Willemse","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1440207,"name":"Khayelihle Brian Makhathini","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1439790,"name":"Carine Smith","orcid":"0000-0001-5924-9204","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1439791,"name":"David Fisher","orcid":"0000-0001-6070-0234","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1439792,"name":"Shireen Mentor","orcid":"0000-0001-5430-0867","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1439789,"name":"Sinelisiwe Matubatuba","orcid":"0000-0001-8240-7872","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:41.314800Z","pmid":"41029908","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}