{"doi":"10.14201/art2025.32641","title":"Política de I+D en Estados Unidos y antecedentes de una diplomacia científica. Apuntes históricos","abstract":"[EN] The increasing involvement of the U.S. government in financing and promoting public research and development (R&D) policies emerged in the 1940s, a period characterized by the expansion of the federal government and the mobilization of resources driven by World War II. During this time, the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), led by Vannevar Bush, was established. The experiences of the war fostered collaboration among policymakers, scientists, engineers, military personnel, and industrialists, a trend that continued into the post-war era. As tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union escalated, there was a broad consensus on the necessity of a robust R&D system supported by strong public funding. The Cold War was not merely a political, strategic, economic, and ideological struggle; its global dynamics also sparked a competition for scientific supremacy. In the U.S., the concept of “Big Science” gained traction, characterized by the combination of “big money, big equipment, and big teams” in strategically important sectors. Research on atomic energy held a prominent position and was the first to establish specific agencies for its oversight and organization, such as the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), reflecting its priority for national security. Subsequently, other federal agencies were created to address the evolving needs and interests of the country, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).","journal":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","year":2025,"id":588030,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9562,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1504156,"name":"Lorenzo Delgado Gómez-Escalonilla","orcid":"0000-0001-6141-0810","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:43.096742Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}