{"doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1010755","title":"Universal protection against influenza viruses by multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle","abstract":"Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to update the variable hemagglutinin antigens. Here, we first designed a virus-like particle (VLP) displaying consensus multi-neuraminidase (NA) subtypes (cN1, cN2, B cNA) and M2 ectodomain (M2e) tandem repeat (m-cNA-M2e VLP). Vaccination of mice with m-cNA-M2e VLP induced broad NA inhibition (NAI), and M2e antibodies as well as interferon-gamma secreting T cell responses. Mice vaccinated with m-cNA-M2e VLP were protected against influenza A (H1N1, H5N1, H3N2, H9N2, H7N9) and influenza B (Yamagata and Victoria lineage) viruses containing substantial antigenic variations. Protective immune contributors include cellular and humoral immunity as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Furthermore, comparable cross protection by m-cNA-M2e VLP vaccination was induced in aged mice. This study supports a novel strategy of developing a universal vaccine against influenza A and B viruses potentially in both young and aged populations by inducing multi-NA subtype and M2e immunity with a single VLP entity.","journal":"PLoS Pathogens","year":2022,"id":242914,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9582,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":874127,"name":"Zhuo Li","orcid":"0000-0002-9296-2738","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":726037,"name":"Noopur Bhatnagar","orcid":"0000-0001-9260-3957","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874579,"name":"Jeeva Subbiah","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":512594,"name":"Bo Ryoung Park","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":432643,"name":"Chong Hyun Shin","orcid":"0000-0002-6385-5992","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":463945,"name":"Peter Pushko","orcid":"0000-0002-1073-6981","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":526653,"name":"Bao‐Zhong Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-1561-4318","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301247,"name":"Sang‐Moo Kang","orcid":"0000-0001-6198-331X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":435127,"name":"Ki‐Hye Kim","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:10.218426Z","pmid":"36006890","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}