{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0336061","title":"A qualitative study exploring motivations for participating in research among women who use opioids","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: We assessed the acceptability of four recruitment strategies and explored facilitators and barriers to research engagement among women who use opioids. METHODS: We recruited self-identified women reporting past 14-day non-prescribed opioid use using four recruitment approaches: community outreach in collaboration with community-partners; snowball sampling; social media campaigns; and passive recruitment through distribution of print materials at community programs. We collected participant demographics, type of recruitment, and substance use via an interview-administered survey. Qualitative interviews explored women's research experiences, and facilitators and barriers to research engagement. Analysis employed a combination of inductive and deductive approaches to identify themes relevant to women's engagement in research. RESULTS: Of 36 enrolled participants, median age was 49 years, 16% were Black, 58% were white, 14% were Hispanic, and 58% had their own house or apartment. We recruited 12 women through community outreach, two through snowball sampling, three through social media, and 19 through print materials. Interviews identified four themes: (1) highest trust when recruited through community organizations and lowest trust when recruited through social media; (2) desire to improve the lives of other women who use drugs drove motivation to participate in research, (3) preference for monetary compensation, which increased the likelihood of in research participation; and (4) women participated when research environments were supportive and destigmatized. CONCLUSION: To recruit women who use drugs, researchers should collaborate with trusted community organizations, promote the benefits of research to other women, monetarily and fairly compensate participants, and foster supportive destigmatized environments.","journal":"PLoS ONE","year":2025,"id":582930,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9596,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":468394,"name":"Ariel Maschke","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":467038,"name":"Miriam Harris","orcid":"0000-0003-3870-4858","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320831,"name":"Alexander Y. Walley","orcid":"0000-0002-8158-4882","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493854,"name":"Samantha Johnson","orcid":"0000-0001-8963-7881","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1060353,"name":"Emily Hurstak","orcid":"0000-0001-8297-4367","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1423482,"name":"John U. Farley","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":795006,"name":"Sarah A. Keller","orcid":"0000-0003-1356-1803","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379406,"name":"Vanessa McMahan","orcid":"0000-0003-2331-7206","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1495240,"name":"Cynthia T. Barrett","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415732,"name":"Phillip O. Coffin","orcid":"0000-0002-3891-6570","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311845,"name":"Christine M. Gunn","orcid":"0000-0003-3340-2834","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299401,"name":"Sarah M. Bagley","orcid":"0000-0002-7524-0178","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:59.653747Z","pmid":"41264582","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}