{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0331729","title":"Is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency associated with COVID-19 infection, severity, and death? A cohort study from the Brazilian Amazon","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is a common genetic disorder that impairs the cellular antioxidant response and has been hypothesized as a potential risk factor for severe outcomes in viral infections, including COVID-19. However, clinical evidence remains limited, especially in regions with high G6PDd prevalence.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four health information systems from health facilities in the Brazilian Amazon (E-SUS Notifica, SIVEP-Gripe, SIM, and a G6PD enzyme activity database). The study population consisted of 3,955 male participants, including 206 with confirmed G6PDd. We used logistic regression to assess associations between G6PDd and COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to evaluate time-to-event outcomes.<h4>Results</h4>No statistically significant association was found between G6PDd and SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.70-1.79; p = 0.6), hospitalization (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.27-3.20; p = 0.8), or death (OR = 0.00; p > 0.9). Age was a significant risk factor for all outcomes, and individuals identified as Asian had a higher likelihood of infection (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.57-5.29; p < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this cohort from the Brazilian Amazon, G6PD deficiency was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection or severe outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering ethnic and genetic diversity in epidemiological analyses and health policy planning, particularly in regions with high G6PDd prevalence.","journal":"PLOS One","year":2025,"id":2221,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0544,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-12-23","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":27406,"name":"Joabi Rocha Nascimento","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27407,"name":"José Diego Brito-Sousa","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27408,"name":"Marco Aurelio Sartim","orcid":"0000-0003-4572-3109","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27409,"name":"Kamilla Freitas da Silva","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27410,"name":"Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27411,"name":"Gabriel dos Santos Mouta","orcid":"0000-0002-5796-9491","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27412,"name":"Patricia Carvalho da Silva Balieiro","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27413,"name":"Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3925,"name":"Fernando Almeida-Val","orcid":"0000-0001-9995-0249","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3926,"name":"Gisely Cardoso de Melo","orcid":"0000-0002-8155-6005","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3901,"name":"Vanderson de Souza Sampaio","orcid":"0000-0001-7307-8851","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27414,"name":"Marcus Lacerda","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3928,"name":"Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro","orcid":"0000-0002-0848-1940","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27415,"name":"Joabi Nascimento","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27416,"name":"Jose Diego Brito-Sousa","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27417,"name":"Patrícia Carvalho da Silva Balieiro","orcid":"0000-0002-5221-6319","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27418,"name":"Fernando Almeida-Val Almeida-Val","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27419,"name":"Marcus V. G. Lacerda","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27420,"name":"Wuelton Monteiro MONTEIRO","orcid":null,"position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27405,"name":"Adila L. B. Dias","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}