{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0303885","title":"Prevalence of alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda","abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Alcohol use is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Uganda has a high level of alcohol use per capita. Compared to men, women are less likely to consume alcohol globally; however, women who drink have increased risks for co-occurring conditions, including depression, intimate partner violence, and HIV. This study assessed the prevalence of alcohol use and correlates of harmful alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used cross-sectional data from a study among women and men aged 15–59 residing in rural, central Uganda and accepting home-based HIV testing (Nov 2017 to Dec 2020). We estimated the prevalence of levels of alcohol use (categorized as no alcohol use (score 0), low (score 1–3 for men; 1–2 for women), medium (score 4–5 for men; 3–5 for women), high (score 6–7), and very-high (score 8–12) use with the AUDIT-C), stratified by gender and HIV status. We assessed correlates of harmful alcohol use using multivariable logistic regression models for women and men.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 18,460 participants, 67% (95% CI: 66–67%) reported no alcohol use, 16% (95% CI: 16–17%) reported low, 5% (95% CI: 4.8–5%) reported medium, 5% (95% CI: 4–5%) reported high, and 3% (95% CI: 2.8–3) reported very high alcohol use. Compared to women, men were more likely to report alcohol use (Chi-squared p-value&lt;0.0001). People diagnosed with HIV (both newly diagnosed and previously aware of their status prior to home-based HIV testing) were more likely to report low, medium, high, and very high alcohol use compared to those who were HIV negative (Chi-squared p-value&lt;0.0001). Among women, those who were newly diagnosed were more likely report alcohol use, compared to those who were HIV negative. In multivariable models, being newly diagnosed with HIV (compared to HIV negative) increased the odds of harmful alcohol use among women, but not men.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n<jats:p>While alcohol use was higher among men and people living with HIV, being newly diagnosed with HIV had a stronger relationship with harmful alcohol use among women than men. More research is needed to understand how alcohol use may increase the risks of HIV acquisition among women and to identify gender-responsive services to address harmful alcohol use and increase access to HIV testing and linkage to care for women who use harmful levels of alcohol.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>","journal":"PLOS ONE","year":2024,"id":614133,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":947185,"name":"Katelyn M. Sileo","orcid":"0000-0003-3714-2945","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":947650,"name":"Katherine Schmarje Crockett","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":947651,"name":"Rose Naigino","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":947186,"name":"Michael Ediau","orcid":"0000-0001-7074-4206","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330585,"name":"Rhoda K. Wanyenze","orcid":"0000-0001-5864-3314","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363888,"name":"Noah Kiwanuka","orcid":"0000-0003-2471-9290","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":409491,"name":"Natasha K. Martin","orcid":"0000-0001-8344-1810","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422575,"name":"Susan M. Kiene","orcid":"0000-0001-8922-5289","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331901,"name":"Adriane Wynn","orcid":"0000-0001-8067-3616","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Prevalence of alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda","abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Alcohol use is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Uganda has a high level of alcohol use per capita. Compared to men, women are less likely to consume alcohol globally; however, women who drink have increased risks for co-occurring conditions, including depression, intimate partner violence, and HIV. This study assessed the prevalence of alcohol use and correlates of harmful alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used cross-sectional data from a study among women and men aged 15–59 residing in rural, central Uganda and accepting home-based HIV testing (Nov 2017 to Dec 2020). We estimated the prevalence of levels of alcohol use (categorized as no alcohol use (score 0), low (score 1–3 for men; 1–2 for women), medium (score 4–5 for men; 3–5 for women), high (score 6–7), and very-high (score 8–12) use with the AUDIT-C), stratified by gender and HIV status. We assessed correlates of harmful alcohol use using multivariable logistic regression models for women and men.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 18,460 participants, 67% (95% CI: 66–67%) reported no alcohol use, 16% (95% CI: 16–17%) reported low, 5% (95% CI: 4.8–5%) reported medium, 5% (95% CI: 4–5%) reported high, and 3% (95% CI: 2.8–3) reported very high alcohol use. Compared to women, men were more likely to report alcohol use (Chi-squared p-value&lt;0.0001). People diagnosed with HIV (both newly diagnosed and previously aware of their status prior to home-based HIV testing) were more likely to report low, medium, high, and very high alcohol use compared to those who were HIV negative (Chi-squared p-value&lt;0.0001). Among women, those who were newly diagnosed were more likely report alcohol use, compared to those who were HIV negative. In multivariable models, being newly diagnosed with HIV (compared to HIV negative) increased the odds of harmful alcohol use among women, but not men.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n<jats:p>While alcohol use was higher among men and people living with HIV, being newly diagnosed with HIV had a stronger relationship with harmful alcohol use among women than men. More research is needed to understand how alcohol use may increase the risks of HIV acquisition among women and to identify gender-responsive services to address harmful alcohol use and increase access to HIV testing and linkage to care for women who use harmful levels of alcohol.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39012870","pmcid":"PMC11251619","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4400680063","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","grant_id":"R01 MH106391/","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","grant_id":"K01AA027733","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"1K01AA027733-01A1","title":"Modeling reductions in harmful alcohol use on HIV transmission and mortality in the era of universal test and treat in Uganda"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01MH106391-03","title":"Enhanced Linkage to HIV Care Following Home-Based HIV Testing in Rural Uganda"}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":6.5722,"citation_percentile":0.96826987,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":6}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303885","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303885","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303885","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39012870","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11251619","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/1164ed4f135e46afb4cf24af57f18eb9","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/67de958c61e241b38e83d5be9a77e5bf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11251619/pdf/pone.0303885.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11251619","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11251619?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303885","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","Sex work and related issues","03 medical and health sciences","0305 other medical science","Humans","Female","Male","Uganda","Adult","Rural Population","Adolescent","Alcohol Drinking","HIV Infections","Prevalence","Young Adult","Middle Aged","Cross-Sectional Studies","Sex Factors"],"mesh_terms":["Adolescent","Adult","Alcohol Drinking","Cross-Sectional Studies","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Rural Population","Sex Factors","Uganda","HIV Infections","Prevalence","Young Adult"],"keywords":["Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","Alcohol","Environmental health","Medicine","Demography","Biology","Virology","Sociology","Male","Adult","Rural Population","Adolescent","Alcohol Drinking","Science","Q","R","HIV Infections","Middle Aged","Young Adult","Cross-Sectional Studies","Sex Factors","Prevalence","Humans","Female","Uganda","Research Article"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":1,"sdg_label":"1. 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