{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0293708","title":"Isoniazid preventive therapy during infancy does not adversely affect growth among HIV-exposed uninfected children: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) decreases risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease; impact on long-term infant growth is unknown. In a recent randomized trial (RCT), we assessed IPT effects on infant growth without known TB exposure. METHODS: The infant TB Infection Prevention Study (iTIPS) trial was a non-blinded RCT among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants in Kenya. Inclusion criteria included age 6-10 weeks, birthweight ≥2.5 kg, and gestation ≥37 weeks. Infants in the IPT arm received 10 mg/kg isoniazid daily for 12 months, while the control trial received no intervention; post-trial observational follow-up continued through 24 months of age. We used intent-to-treat linear mixed-effects models to compare growth rates (weight-for-age z-score [WAZ] and height-for-age z-score [HAZ]) between trial arms. RESULTS: Among 298 infants, 150 were randomized to IPT, 47.6% were females, median birthweight was 3.4 kg (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0-3.7), and 98.3% were breastfed. During the 12-month intervention period and 12-month post-RCT follow-up, WAZ and HAZ declined significantly in all children, with more HAZ decline in male infants. There were no growth differences between trial arms, including in sex-stratified analyses. In longitudinal linear analysis, mean WAZ (β = 0.04 [95% CI:-0.14, 0.22]), HAZ (β = 0.14 [95% CI:-0.06, 0.34]), and WHZ [β = -0.07 [95% CI:-0.26, 0.11]) z-scores were similar between arms as were WAZ and HAZ growth trajectories. Infants randomized to IPT had higher monthly WHZ increase (β to 24 months 0.02 [95% CI:0.01, 0.04]) than the no-IPT arm. CONCLUSION: IPT administered to HEU infants did not significantly impact growth outcomes in the first two years of life.","journal":"PLoS ONE","year":2024,"id":481090,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9466,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":323079,"name":"Sylvia M. LaCourse","orcid":"0000-0002-9809-5997","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298926,"name":"Daniel A. Enquobahrie","orcid":"0000-0001-9844-0597","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445177,"name":"Jaclyn N Escudero","orcid":"0000-0002-3513-774X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445176,"name":"Jerphason Mecha","orcid":"0009-0008-6446-0395","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445175,"name":"Daniel Matemo","orcid":"0000-0002-7209-1648","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299054,"name":"John Kinuthia","orcid":"0000-0001-6571-8927","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":408963,"name":"Sarah Iribarren","orcid":"0000-0003-2980-0717","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299048,"name":"Grace John‐Stewart","orcid":"0000-0002-4301-1573","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1103926,"name":"Ashenafi S. Cherkos","orcid":"0000-0002-3111-5025","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:07:06.225103Z","pmid":"39150949","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}