{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0289326","title":"Automated scoring of nematode nictation on a textured background","abstract":"Entomopathogenic nematodes, including Steinernema spp., play an increasingly important role as biological alternatives to chemical pesticides. The infective juveniles of these worms use nictation-a behavior in which animals stand on their tails-as a host-seeking strategy. The developmentally-equivalent dauer larvae of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also nictate, but as a means of phoresy or \"hitching a ride\" to a new food source. Advanced genetic and experimental tools have been developed for C. elegans, but time-consuming manual scoring of nictation slows efforts to understand this behavior, and the textured substrates required for nictation can frustrate traditional machine vision segmentation algorithms. Here we present a Mask R-CNN-based tracker capable of segmenting C. elegans dauers and S. carpocapsae infective juveniles on a textured background suitable for nictation, and a machine learning pipeline that scores nictation behavior. We use our system to show that the nictation propensity of C. elegans from high-density liquid cultures largely mirrors their development into dauers, and to quantify nictation in S. carpocapsae infective juveniles in the presence of a potential host. This system is an improvement upon existing intensity-based tracking algorithms and human scoring which can facilitate large-scale studies of nictation and potentially other nematode behaviors.","journal":"PLoS ONE","year":2023,"id":355036,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9585,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1018562,"name":"Luca Golinelli","orcid":"0000-0002-6484-8284","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":918571,"name":"Tuan Anh Le","orcid":"0000-0002-0177-4329","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":408779,"name":"Liesbet Temmerman","orcid":"0000-0002-1249-3995","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":7800,"name":"Patrick D. McClanahan","orcid":"0000-0003-2817-5948","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":63,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:11.976628Z","pmid":"37527261","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}