{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0259006","title":"Active pulmonary tuberculosis and coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis","abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proportion of COVID-19 patients having active pulmonary tuberculosis, and its impact on COVID-19 related patient outcomes, is not clear. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the proportion of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis among COVID-19 patients, and to assess if comorbid pulmonary tuberculosis worsens clinical outcomes in these patients.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n<jats:p>We queried the PubMed and Embase databases for studies providing data on (a) proportion of COVID-19 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis or (b) severe disease, hospitalization, or mortality among COVID-19 patients with and without active pulmonary tuberculosis. We calculated the proportion of tuberculosis patients, and the relative risk (RR) for each reported outcome of interest. We used random-effects models to summarize our data.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrieved 3,375 citations, and included 43 studies, in our review. The pooled estimate for proportion of active pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.07% (95% CI 0.81%-1.36%). COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis had a higher risk of mortality (summary RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.56–2.39, from 17 studies) and for severe COVID-19 disease (summary RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.02, from 20 studies), but not for hospitalization (summary RR 1.86, 95% CI 0.91–3.81, from four studies), as compared to COVID-19 patients without tuberculosis.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Active pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively common among COVID-19 patients and increases the risk of severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related mortality.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>","journal":"PLOS ONE","year":2021,"id":643240,"datarank":0.6038027536102726,"base_score":4.02535169073515,"endowment":4.02535169073515,"self_citation_contribution":0.6038027536102726,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6038027536102726,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":55,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1609358,"name":"Ritesh Agarwal","orcid":"0000-0003-2547-7668","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1673537,"name":"Sahajal Dhooria","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1673538,"name":"Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1673539,"name":"Inderpaul Singh Sehgal","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1609356,"name":"Valliappan Muthu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":952358,"name":"Ashutosh N. Aggarwal","orcid":"0000-0001-8556-3600","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Active pulmonary tuberculosis and coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis","abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proportion of COVID-19 patients having active pulmonary tuberculosis, and its impact on COVID-19 related patient outcomes, is not clear. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the proportion of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis among COVID-19 patients, and to assess if comorbid pulmonary tuberculosis worsens clinical outcomes in these patients.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n<jats:p>We queried the PubMed and Embase databases for studies providing data on (a) proportion of COVID-19 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis or (b) severe disease, hospitalization, or mortality among COVID-19 patients with and without active pulmonary tuberculosis. We calculated the proportion of tuberculosis patients, and the relative risk (RR) for each reported outcome of interest. We used random-effects models to summarize our data.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrieved 3,375 citations, and included 43 studies, in our review. The pooled estimate for proportion of active pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.07% (95% CI 0.81%-1.36%). COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis had a higher risk of mortality (summary RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.56–2.39, from 17 studies) and for severe COVID-19 disease (summary RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.02, from 20 studies), but not for hospitalization (summary RR 1.86, 95% CI 0.91–3.81, from four studies), as compared to COVID-19 patients without tuberculosis.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Active pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively common among COVID-19 patients and increases the risk of severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related mortality.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.02535169073515,"endowment":4.02535169073515,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34673822","pmcid":"PMC8530351","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3205378385","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.2772,"citation_percentile":0.91620112,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":17},{"year":2023,"count":20},{"year":2024,"count":12},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259006&type=printable","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259006&type=printable","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259006","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259006","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34673822","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cdab524eb994168a35413af312820fb","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/c02da1be368f41fe987cd2ae8af02adb","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8530351","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8530351","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8530351?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research"],"mesh_terms":["COVID-19","SARS-CoV-2","Hospitalization","Humans","Risk Factors","Tuberculosis, Pulmonary"],"keywords":["Medicine","Tuberculosis","Internal medicine","Pulmonary tuberculosis","Meta-analysis","Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","Relative risk","Disease","Infectious disease (medical specialty)","Confidence interval","Pathology"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-08T14:24:28.952581Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}