{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0247640","title":"Presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 plasma","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Neutralizing-antibody (nAb) is the major focus of most ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials. However, nAb response against SARS-CoV-2, when present, decays rapidly. Given the myriad roles of antibodies in immune responses, it is possible that antibodies could also mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 via effector mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which we sought to explore here. METHODS: Plasma of 3 uninfected controls and 20 subjects exposed to, or recovering from, SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected from U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples. SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing capability of these plasmas was assessed with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus. ADCC activity was assessed with a calcein release assay. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were detected in all COVID-19 subjects studied. All but three COVID-19 subjects contained nAb at high potency (>80% neutralization). Plasma from 19/20 of COVID-19 subjects also demonstrated strong ADCC activity against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, including two individuals without nAb against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing COVID-19 plasmas can mediate ADCC. Our findings argue that evaluation of potential vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 should include investigation of the magnitude and durability of ADCC, in addition to nAb.","journal":"PLoS ONE","year":2021,"id":152712,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":73,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9611,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":237650,"name":"Salum J. Lidenge","orcid":"0000-0002-0574-6595","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447400,"name":"Lisa K. Poppe","orcid":"0000-0002-9506-372X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239198,"name":"Phoebe B. Peña","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649001,"name":"Sara R. Privatt","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649002,"name":"Sydney J. Bennett","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237652,"name":"John R. Ngowi","orcid":"0000-0002-3583-1758","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237653,"name":"Julius Mwaiselage","orcid":"0000-0002-0322-9981","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":590622,"name":"Michael Belshan","orcid":"0000-0001-5736-9907","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648157,"name":"Jacob A. Siedlik","orcid":"0000-0001-5341-2373","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649003,"name":"Morgan A. Raine","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":646711,"name":"Juan B. Ochoa","orcid":"0000-0002-6008-3958","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232745,"name":"Julia Garcia‐Diaz","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-4147","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":646714,"name":"Bobby D. Nossaman","orcid":"0000-0002-6676-5351","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648158,"name":"Lyndsey R. Buckner","orcid":"0000-0002-9088-609X","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648159,"name":"William Roberts","orcid":"0000-0002-1600-3041","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":640732,"name":"Matthew J. Dean","orcid":"0000-0002-0445-2405","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":640736,"name":"Augusto C. Ochoa","orcid":"0000-0001-6457-8029","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237655,"name":"John T. West","orcid":"0000-0003-4594-6855","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237656,"name":"Charles Wood","orcid":"0000-0002-4256-1530","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239197,"name":"For Yue Tso","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:34.972031Z","pmid":"33661923","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}