{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0229586","title":"Changes in key vaginal bacteria among postpartum African women initiating intramuscular depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The ECHO trial has relieved apprehension about intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), however it is still important to understand how DMPA-IM affects the vaginal environment. We sought to describe how DMPA-IM initiation influences vaginal bacteria associated with HIV acquisition in postpartum women. METHODS: Vaginal swabs were collected for Nugent score determination and taxon-specific quantitative PCR of eight bacteria. Enrollment occurred at contraceptive initiation (DMPA-IM or non-hormonal contraception (non-HC)) and repeat vaginal swabs were collected after three months. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate changes in Nugent score, total bacterial load, and taxa concentrations among contraceptive groups. RESULTS: Women who chose DMPA-IM (n = 33) were more likely to be married (97%vs.67%) and have resumed intercourse since delivery (52%vs.29%) compared to women who chose non-HC (n = 21). After three months, significant decreases in the concentrations of Sneathia species, Mycoplasma hominis, and Parvimonas species Type 1 were seen among non-HC users, however concentrations remained stable among DMPA-IM users; contraceptive method was associated with significantly different changes in M. hominis concentration between groups (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that postpartum use of DMPA-IM and non-HC may have differential impacts on the vaginal concentrations of some bacteria that have previously been associated with HIV acquisition.","journal":"PLoS ONE","year":2020,"id":86155,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9505,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":421616,"name":"Brandon L. Guthrie","orcid":"0000-0002-2059-3291","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282873,"name":"Sujatha Srinivasan","orcid":"0000-0002-7267-3859","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316700,"name":"Kenneth Tapia","orcid":"0000-0002-9393-0770","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440807,"name":"Eric Munene Muriuki","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331197,"name":"Bhavna Chohan","orcid":"0000-0002-2125-6799","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439693,"name":"Jacqueline Mae Wallis","orcid":"0000-0001-7964-202X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440808,"name":"Congzhou Liu","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":172063,"name":"R. Scott McClelland","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282875,"name":"David N. Fredricks","orcid":"0000-0003-2735-6800","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331199,"name":"Alison C. Roxby","orcid":"0000-0001-9449-8062","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422581,"name":"Bridget M. Whitney","orcid":"0000-0002-3738-5704","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:58:41.997408Z","pmid":"32134931","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}