{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0228102","title":"The age-specific burden and household and school-based predictors of child and adolescent tuberculosis infection in rural Uganda","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The age-specific epidemiology of child and adolescent tuberculosis (TB) is poorly understood, especially in rural areas of East Africa. We sought to characterize the age-specific prevalence and predictors of TB infection among children and adolescents living in rural Uganda, and to explore the contribution of household TB exposure on TB infection. METHODS: From 2015-2016 we placed and read 3,121 tuberculin skin tests (TST) in children (5-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) participating in a nested household survey in 9 rural Eastern Ugandan communities. TB infection was defined as a positive TST (induration ≥10mm or ≥5mm if living with HIV). Age-specific prevalence was estimated using inverse probability weighting to adjust for incomplete measurement. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between TB infection and multi-level predictors. RESULTS: The adjusted prevalence of TB infection was 8.5% (95%CI: 6.9-10.4) in children and 16.7% (95% CI:14.0-19.7) in adolescents. Nine percent of children and adolescents with a prevalent TB infection had a household TB contact. Among children, having a household TB contact was strongly associated with TB infection (aOR 5.5, 95% CI: 1.7-16.9), but the strength of this association declined among adolescents and did not meet significance (aOR 2.3, 95% CI: 0.8-7.0). The population attributable faction of TB infection due to a household TB contact was 8% for children and 4% among adolescents. Mobile children and adolescents who travel outside of their community for school had a 1.7 (95% CI 1.0-2.9) fold higher odds of TB infection than those who attended school in the community. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents in this area of rural eastern Uganda suffer a significant burden of TB. The majority of TB infections are not explained by a known household TB contact. Our findings underscore the need for community-based TB prevention interventions, especially among mobile youth.","journal":"PLoS ONE","year":2020,"id":79213,"datarank":0.794018923302511,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.3690369216940785,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.3690369216940785,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":12,"citers_with_citation_signal":10,"citers_with_endowment":10,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5825,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"figshare":["10.6084/m9.figshare.11562981"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":255279,"name":"Mucunguzi Atukunda","orcid":"0000-0003-4762-0728","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255278,"name":"Laura B. Balzer","orcid":"0000-0002-3730-410X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255283,"name":"Gabriel Chamie","orcid":"0000-0002-5860-8081","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":412775,"name":"Joel Kironde","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":411684,"name":"Emmanuel Ssemmondo","orcid":"0000-0002-2796-5027","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255289,"name":"Theodore Ruel","orcid":"0000-0002-1105-9126","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255280,"name":"Florence Mwangwa","orcid":"0000-0001-9467-0950","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":411685,"name":"Khai Hoan Tram","orcid":"0000-0003-1129-7674","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255292,"name":"Tamara D. Clark","orcid":"0000-0003-1109-6039","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255276,"name":"Dalsone Kwarisiima","orcid":"0000-0003-2886-9261","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255295,"name":"Maya L. Petersen","orcid":"0000-0002-5505-153X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242453,"name":"Moses R. Kamya","orcid":"0000-0001-9106-4234","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255274,"name":"Edwin D. Charlebois","orcid":"0000-0001-7237-2119","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":58746,"name":"Diane V. Havlir","orcid":"0000-0003-0761-3136","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255287,"name":"Carina Marquez","orcid":"0000-0002-7622-6562","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:50:33.748601Z","pmid":"31995631","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}