{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0010389","title":"Diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in non-human animal hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Reliable and field-applicable diagnosis of schistosome infections in non-human animals is important for surveillance, control, and verification of interruption of human schistosomiasis transmission. This study aimed to summarize uses of available diagnostic techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We systematically searched the literature and reports comparing two or more diagnostic tests in non-human animals for schistosome infection. Out of 4,909 articles and reports screened, 19 met our inclusion criteria, four of which were considered in the meta-analysis. A total of 14 techniques (parasitologic, immunologic, and molecular) and nine types of non-human animals were involved in the studies. Notably, four studies compared parasitologic tests (miracidium hatching test (MHT), Kato-Katz (KK), the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique (DBL), and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA-SD)) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sensitivity estimates (using qPCR as the reference) were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, showing significant heterogeneity across studies and animal hosts. The pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.48) with FEA-SD showing highest sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.65-1.00). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that the parasitologic technique FEA-SD and the molecular technique qPCR are the most promising techniques for schistosome diagnosis in non-human animal hosts. Future studies are needed for validation and standardization of the techniques for real-world field applications.","journal":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases","year":2022,"id":245987,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":50,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.945,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":727071,"name":"Keerati Ponpetch","orcid":"0000-0002-2228-8856","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":881244,"name":"Yibiao Zhou","orcid":"0000-0002-4635-0802","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":881643,"name":"Jia-Gang Guo","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":590171,"name":"Berhanu Erko","orcid":"0000-0003-1685-752X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268462,"name":"J. Russell Stothard","orcid":"0000-0002-9370-3420","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56883,"name":"Mohammad Hassan Murad","orcid":"0000-0001-5502-5975","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":525838,"name":"Xiao‐Nong Zhou","orcid":"0000-0003-1417-8427","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":881245,"name":"Fadjar Satrija","orcid":"0000-0001-8512-5862","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289406,"name":"Joanne P. Webster","orcid":"0000-0001-8616-4919","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":314216,"name":"Justin V. Remais","orcid":"0000-0002-0223-4615","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":465863,"name":"Jürg Utzinger","orcid":"0000-0001-6885-0798","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":465864,"name":"Amadou Garba","orcid":"0000-0002-6298-8259","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348487,"name":"Song Liang","orcid":"0000-0002-6406-3700","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":96,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:39.284121Z","pmid":"35522699","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}