{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3001307","title":"Strategic testing approaches for targeted disease monitoring can be used to inform pandemic decision-making","abstract":"More than 1.6 million Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were administered daily in the United States at the peak of the epidemic, with a significant focus on individual treatment. Here, we show that objective-driven, strategic sampling designs and analyses can maximize information gain at the population level, which is necessary to increase situational awareness and predict, prepare for, and respond to a pandemic, while also continuing to inform individual treatment. By focusing on specific objectives such as individual treatment or disease prediction and control (e.g., via the collection of population-level statistics to inform lockdown measures or vaccine rollout) and drawing from the literature on capture-recapture methods to deal with nonrandom sampling and testing errors, we illustrate how public health objectives can be achieved even with limited test availability when testing programs are designed a priori to meet those objectives.","journal":"PLoS Biology","year":2021,"id":197214,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9471,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":75358,"name":"Tiffany L. Bogich","orcid":"0000-0002-8143-5289","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":552070,"name":"Emily Howerton","orcid":"0000-0002-0639-3728","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":463032,"name":"Ottar N. Bjørnstad","orcid":"0000-0002-1158-3753","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":552069,"name":"Rebecca K. Borchering","orcid":"0000-0003-4309-2913","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348453,"name":"Matthew J. Ferrari","orcid":"0000-0001-5251-8168","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348455,"name":"Murali Haran","orcid":"0000-0003-4440-8625","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426717,"name":"Chris Jewell","orcid":"0000-0002-7902-2178","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":770563,"name":"Kim M. Pepin","orcid":"0000-0002-9931-8312","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426720,"name":"William J. M. Probert","orcid":"0000-0002-3437-759X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389010,"name":"Juliet R.C. Pulliam","orcid":"0000-0003-3314-8223","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426718,"name":"Michael C. Runge","orcid":"0000-0002-8081-536X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426721,"name":"Michael J. Tildesley","orcid":"0000-0002-6875-7232","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110469,"name":"Cécile Viboud","orcid":"0000-0003-3243-4711","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426719,"name":"Katriona Shea","orcid":"0000-0002-7607-8248","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":738750,"name":"James D. Nichols","orcid":"0000-0002-7631-2890","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":23,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:19.568641Z","pmid":"34138840","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}