{"doi":"10.1364/ol.485628","title":"Photoacoustic maximum amplitude projection microscopy by ultra-low data sampling","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has attracted increasing research interest in the biomedical field due to its unique merit of combining light and sound. In general, the bandwidth of a photoacoustic signal reaches up to tens or even hundreds of MHz, which requires a high-performance acquisition card to meet the high requirement of precision of sampling and control. For most depth-insensitive scenes, it is complex and costly to capture the photoacoustic maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images. Herein, we propose a simple and low-cost MAP-PAM system based on a custom-made peak holding circuit to obtain the extremum values by Hz data sampling. The dynamic range of the input signal is 0.01–2.5 V, and the −6-dB bandwidth of the input signal can be up to 45 MHz. Through\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>\n                    experiments, we have verified that the system has the same imaging ability as conventional PAM. Owing to its compact size and ultra-low price (approximately $18), it provides a new performance paradigm for PAM and opens up a new way for an optimal photoacoustic sensing and imaging device.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Optics Letters","year":2023,"id":642326,"datarank":0.26876392038420827,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"self_citation_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1318210,"name":"Delin Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-0689-3199","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670604,"name":"Zhenhui Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-3953-0223","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1001760,"name":"Zhiyang Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-9262-2899","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1224151,"name":"Fei Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-3122-2960","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670605,"name":"Lvming Zeng","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":506909,"name":"Xuanrong Ji","orcid":"0000-0001-5884-1142","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670603,"name":"Zhongwen Cheng","orcid":"0000-0003-2920-283X","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Photoacoustic maximum amplitude projection microscopy by ultra-low data sampling","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has attracted increasing research interest in the biomedical field due to its unique merit of combining light and sound. In general, the bandwidth of a photoacoustic signal reaches up to tens or even hundreds of MHz, which requires a high-performance acquisition card to meet the high requirement of precision of sampling and control. For most depth-insensitive scenes, it is complex and costly to capture the photoacoustic maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images. Herein, we propose a simple and low-cost MAP-PAM system based on a custom-made peak holding circuit to obtain the extremum values by Hz data sampling. The dynamic range of the input signal is 0.01–2.5 V, and the −6-dB bandwidth of the input signal can be up to 45 MHz. Through\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>\n                    experiments, we have verified that the system has the same imaging ability as conventional PAM. Owing to its compact size and ultra-low price (approximately $18), it provides a new performance paradigm for PAM and opens up a new way for an optimal photoacoustic sensing and imaging device.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"37221749","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4321436120","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"51975131","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"62205070","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"82227803","title":null},{"funder_name":"Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team","grant_id":"2016ZT06G375","title":null}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":0.3249,"citation_percentile":0.44771071,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OA_License_v2#VOR","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://opg.optica.org/viewmedia.cfm?URI=ol-48-7-1718&seq=0","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.485628","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37221749","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Bandwidth (computing)","Optics","Sampling (signal processing)","Computer science","Amplitude","Dynamic range","Data acquisition","SIGNAL (programming language)","Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","Materials science","Microscopy","Physics","Telecommunications","Detector"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T22:20:47.421720Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}