{"doi":"10.1364/ol.443533","title":"Scanning interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy","abstract":"In diffuse optics, quantitative assessment of the human brain is confounded by the skull and scalp. To better understand these superficial tissues, we advance interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (iNIRS) to form images of the human superficial forehead blood flow index (BFI). We present a null source-collector (S-C) polarization splitting approach that enables galvanometer scanning and eliminates unwanted backscattered light. Images show an order-of-magnitude heterogeneity in superficial dynamics, implying an order-of-magnitude heterogeneity in brain specificity, depending on forehead location. Along the time-of-flight dimension, autocorrelation decay rates support a three-layer model with increasing BFI from the skull to the scalp to the brain. By accurately characterizing superficial tissues, this approach can help improve specificity for the human brain.","journal":"Optics Letters","year":2021,"id":191457,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9525,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":653234,"name":"Wenjun Zhou","orcid":"0000-0002-6000-253X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":511425,"name":"Tingwei Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-6375-012X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":653236,"name":"Mingjun Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-8657-4413","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":757078,"name":"Soroush Ghandiparsi","orcid":"0000-0001-7803-4583","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278861,"name":"Vivek J. Srinivasan","orcid":"0000-0001-9683-1949","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":653235,"name":"Oybek Kholiqov","orcid":"0000-0002-5705-8161","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":24,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:35.285023Z","pmid":"34951892","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}