{"doi":"10.1364/oe.468827","title":"Bendable long graded index lens microendoscopy","abstract":"Graded index (GRIN) lens endoscopy has broadly benefited biomedical microscopic imaging by enabling accessibility to sites not reachable by traditional benchtop microscopes. It is a long-held notion that GRIN lenses can only be used as rigid probes, which may limit their potential for certain applications. Here, we describe bendable and long-range GRIN microimaging probes for a variety of potential micro-endoscopic biomedical applications. Using a two-photon fluorescence imaging system, we have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of three-dimensional imaging through a 500-µm-diameter and ∼11 cm long GRIN lens subject to a cantilever beam-like deflection with a minimum bend radius of ∼25 cm. Bend-induced perturbation to the field of view and resolution has also been investigated quantitatively. Our development alters the conventional notion of GRIN lenses and enables a range of innovative applications. For example, the demonstrated flexibility is highly desirable for implementation into current and emerging minimally invasive clinical procedures, including a pioneering microdevice for high-throughput cancer drug selection.","journal":"Optics Express","year":2022,"id":278833,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9559,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":79845,"name":"Jeon Woong Kang","orcid":"0000-0003-2012-9023","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":734948,"name":"Sharath K. Bhagavatula","orcid":"0000-0002-9194-0932","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":735581,"name":"Sebastian W. Ahn","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":79847,"name":"Peter T. C. So","orcid":"0000-0003-4698-6488","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302584,"name":"Guillermo J. Tearney","orcid":"0000-0001-8277-4453","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":612849,"name":"Oliver Jonas","orcid":"0000-0003-2512-2007","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":734950,"name":"Guigen Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1584-1112","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:28:47.357993Z","pmid":"36258589","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}