{"doi":"10.1364/oe.19.014160","title":"Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy in the human eye","abstract":null,"journal":"Optics Express","year":2011,"id":666379,"datarank":0.6782682865573562,"base_score":4.5217885770490405,"endowment":4.5217885770490405,"self_citation_contribution":0.6782682865573562,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6782682865573562,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":91,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":891351,"name":"Nripun Sredar","orcid":"0000-0002-9567-9815","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1740191,"name":"Hope Queener","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1740192,"name":"Chaohong Li","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497131,"name":"Jason Porter","orcid":"0009-0002-6082-432X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1740190,"name":"Heidi Hofer","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy in the human eye","abstract":"Wavefront sensor noise and fidelity place a fundamental limit on achievable image quality in current adaptive optics ophthalmoscopes. Additionally, the wavefront sensor 'beacon' can interfere with visual experiments. We demonstrate real-time (25 Hz), wavefront sensorless adaptive optics imaging in the living human eye with image quality rivaling that of wavefront sensor based control in the same system. A stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm directly optimized the mean intensity in retinal image frames acquired with a confocal adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). When imaging through natural, undilated pupils, both control methods resulted in comparable mean image intensities. However, when imaging through dilated pupils, image intensity was generally higher following wavefront sensor-based control. Despite the typically reduced intensity, image contrast was higher, on average, with sensorless control. Wavefront sensorless control is a viable option for imaging the living human eye and future refinements of this technique may result in even greater optical gains.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.5217885770490405,"endowment":4.5217885770490405,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"21934779","pmcid":"PMC3178895","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2126327605","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"P30 EY007551","title":null},{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"BRP-EY01437","title":null},{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"P30EY07551","title":null},{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 EY019069","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"2P30EY007551-06","title":"CORE--COMPUTER PROGRAMMING MODULE"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01EY019069-03","title":"Retinal topography and the mechanisms of visual perception"}],"total_grants":6,"fwci":2.8697,"citation_percentile":0.90586711,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":5},{"year":2013,"count":5},{"year":2014,"count":5},{"year":2015,"count":10},{"year":2016,"count":6},{"year":2017,"count":11},{"year":2018,"count":7},{"year":2019,"count":4},{"year":2020,"count":17},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":7},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OA_License_v1#VOR-OA","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.014160","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.014160","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-19-15-14160&seq=0","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21934779","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3178895","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3178895","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3178895?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.014160","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.014160","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","Intraocular Surgery and Lenses","Retinal Diseases and Treatments","01 natural sciences","0103 physical sciences"],"mesh_terms":["Adaptation, Ocular","Adult","Algorithms","Eye","Humans","Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","Ophthalmoscopy","Retina","Ophthalmoscopes","Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate","Optical Phenomena"],"keywords":["Adaptive optics","Wavefront","Wavefront sensor","Optics","Human eye","Deformable mirror","Image quality","Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy","Physics","Image sensor","Computer science","Computer vision","Image (mathematics)","Adult","Optical Phenomena","Adaptation, Ocular","Ophthalmoscopes","Eye","Retina","Ophthalmoscopy","Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","Humans","Research-Article","Algorithms","Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-13T14:15:35.924273Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}