{"doi":"10.1364/boe.492552","title":"Two-photon microendoscope for label-free imaging in stereotactic neurosurgery","abstract":"We demonstrate a gradient refractive index (GRIN) microendoscope with an outer diameter of ∼1.2 mm and a length of ∼186 mm that can fit into a stereotactic surgical cannula. Two photon imaging at an excitation wavelength of 900 nm showed a field of view of ∼180 microns and a lateral and axial resolution of 0.86 microns and 9.6 microns respectively. The microendoscope was tested by imaging autofluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) in label-free human brain tissue. Furthermore, preliminary image analysis indicates that image classification models can predict if an image is from the subthalamic nucleus or the surrounding tissue using conventional, bench-top two-photon autofluorescence.","journal":"Biomedical Optics Express","year":2023,"id":388381,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9609,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":914462,"name":"Nicholas M. George","orcid":"0000-0002-1903-3713","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":956185,"name":"Baris N. Ozbay","orcid":"0000-0002-2694-577X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":914901,"name":"Arianna Gentile Polese","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1157933,"name":"Gregory E. Osborne","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":582485,"name":"Gregory L. Futia","orcid":"0000-0003-2266-9525","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439859,"name":"J. Keenan Kushner","orcid":"0000-0001-8450-4094","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226435,"name":"Bette K. Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters","orcid":"0000-0002-4471-1678","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439860,"name":"Allyson Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-4928-3921","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373380,"name":"Aviva Abosch","orcid":"0000-0001-7012-4875","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373381,"name":"Steven Ojemann","orcid":"0000-0002-6473-2249","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":372463,"name":"Diego Restrepo","orcid":"0000-0002-4972-446X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":582488,"name":"Emily A. Gibson","orcid":"0000-0002-3436-1483","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":829579,"name":"T. Welton","orcid":"0009-0007-8728-4745","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":55,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:18:13.977537Z","pmid":"37497482","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}