{"doi":"10.1364/ao.405556","title":"Real-time isotopic methane detection using mid-infrared spectroscopy","abstract":"A real-time, nondestructive mid-infrared (mid-IR) platform was proposed for isotopic methane detection. The measurement system consisted of a tunable mid-IR laser, a miniaturized gas chamber, and a mid-IR signal receiver. The isotope ratio of the <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> was identified by measuring the mid-IR spectrum at <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width=\"thickmathspace\"/> <mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In-situ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> monitoring was then achieved by tracing the characteristic mid-IR absorption peaks assigned to the <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>3.328</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width=\"thickmathspace\"/> <mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn","journal":"Applied Optics","year":2020,"id":85466,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9658,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":339417,"name":"Junchao Zhou","orcid":"0000-0001-6320-6354","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339418,"name":"Pao Tai Lin","orcid":"0000-0002-5417-6920","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":437342,"name":"Jinghao Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-4702-3686","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":31,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:58:16.217017Z","pmid":"33361900","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}