{"doi":"10.1353/hpu.2020.0129","title":"Religion, Spirituality, and Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease Among Adults of Low Socioeconomic Status in the Southeastern United States","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Religiosity, encompassing spirituality and religious practices, is associated with reduced disease incidence among individuals of low socioeconomic status and who self-identify as Black. We hypothesized that religiosity associates with reduced end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk among Black but not White adults of low socioeconomic status. DESIGN: Cox models of religiosity and ESKD risk in 76,443 adults. RESULTS: Black adults reporting high spirituality had reduced ESKD risk after adjusting for demographic characteristics [Hazard Ratio (HR) .82 (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) (.69-.98)], depressive symptoms, social support, and tobacco use [HR .81 (CI .68-.96)]. When clinical covariates were added, associations between spirituality and ESKD were slightly attenuated and lost significance [HR .85 (CI .68-1.06)]. Associations were not demonstrated among White adults. CONCLUSIONS: Spirituality associates with reduced ESKD risk among Black adults of low socioeconomic status independent of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics. Effect modification by race was not statistically significant.","journal":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved","year":2020,"id":83116,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9544,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":340082,"name":"Kerri L. Cavanaugh","orcid":"0000-0002-4031-1714","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333633,"name":"Kenneth A. Wallston","orcid":"0000-0001-6310-0306","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":335600,"name":"Olivia Mason","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240107,"name":"William J. Blot","orcid":"0000-0002-5581-5069","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249667,"name":"T. Alp İkizler","orcid":"0000-0002-5717-4218","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385976,"name":"Loren Lipworth","orcid":"0000-0001-7528-9775","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340077,"name":"Devika Nair","orcid":"0000-0001-7164-715X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":1,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:54:09.383533Z","pmid":"33416749","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}