{"doi":"10.1289/ehp8985","title":"Personal Exposure to Black Carbon at School and Levels of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in New York City","abstract":"Background: Schools are often located near traffic sources, leading to high levels of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, including black carbon (BC). Thus, the school environment could play in a significant role in the adverse respiratory health of children. Objectives: Our objective was to determine associations between personal BC levels at school and airway inflammation [i.e., fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)] in school-age children. We hypothesized that higher school BC (SBC) would be associated with higher FeNO. Methods: Children 9–14 years of age in New York City (NYC) (n=114) wore BC monitors for two 24-h periods over a 6-d sampling period, repeated 6 months later. SBC was defined as the average personal BC concentrations measured during NYC school hours (i.e., 0830–1430 hours). FeNO was measured following each 24-h BC monitoring period. Multivariable linear regression in generalized estimating equation models were used to examine associations between SBC and FeNO. Results are presented as percentage difference (PD) in FeNO. Results: Personal BC at school was associated with higher FeNO (PD=7.47% higher FeNO per 1-μg/m3 BC (95% CI: 1.31, 13.9), p=0.02]. Compared with BC exposure during school, a smaller PD in FeNO was observed in association with BC exposure while commuting to and from school [PD=6.82% (95% CI: 0.70, 13.3), p=0.03]. Personal BC in non-school environments and residential BC were not associated with FeNO (p>0.05). A significant association between personal BC at school and FeNO was observed among children with seroatopy who did not have asthma [PD=21.5% (95% CI: 4.81, 40.9), p=0.01]. Discussion: Schools may be important sources of BC exposure that contribute to airway inflammation in school-age children. Our results provide rationale for interventions that target improved air quality in urban schools and classrooms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8985","journal":"Environmental Health Perspectives","year":2021,"id":191253,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9583,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":756269,"name":"Kathleen E. Goodwin","orcid":"0000-0002-0119-9600","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":457353,"name":"Matthew S. Perzanowski","orcid":"0000-0003-1300-0985","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288767,"name":"Steven N. Chillrud","orcid":"0000-0001-6685-0401","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302215,"name":"Frederica P. Perera","orcid":"0000-0002-1364-9250","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275584,"name":"Rachel L. Miller","orcid":"0000-0002-4214-3347","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249628,"name":"Stephanie Lovinsky‐Desir","orcid":"0000-0003-2272-4387","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":756268,"name":"Kyung Hwa Jung","orcid":"0000-0002-6483-6806","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:31.121780Z","pmid":"34495741","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}