{"doi":"10.1289/ehp13732","title":"Water Fluoridation and Birth Outcomes in California","abstract":"BACKGROUND: There is a lack of research on the relationship between water fluoridation and pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether hypothetical interventions to reduce fluoride levels would improve birth outcomes in California. METHODS: -scores, gestational age, preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, large-for-gestational age, and macrosomia using linear regression with natural cubic splines and G-computation. Inference was calculated using a clustered bootstrap with Wald-type confidence intervals. We evaluated race/ethnicity, health insurance type, fetal sex, and arsenic levels as potential effect modifiers. RESULTS: , 0.000)]. We did not observe any associations with preterm birth or with being small for gestational age for either hypothetical intervention. We did not observe any associations with risk of preterm birth or small-for-gestational age for either hypothetical intervention. CONCLUSION: -scores in California. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13732.","journal":"Environmental Health Perspectives","year":2024,"id":460960,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9432,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":298302,"name":"Amy Padula","orcid":"0000-0003-1435-4814","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298305,"name":"Tracey J. Woodruff","orcid":"0000-0003-3622-1297","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326967,"name":"Allison R. Sherris","orcid":"0000-0002-7858-2608","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1289521,"name":"Kiley Charbonneau","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232426,"name":"Rachel Morello‐Frosch","orcid":"0000-0003-1153-7287","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":283195,"name":"Dana E. Goin","orcid":"0000-0002-7557-7977","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:07.925246Z","pmid":"38752991","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}