{"doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00661","title":"The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models: a Korean translation","abstract":"대형 언어 모델(large language model, LLM)의 활용이 의료 분야에서 빠르게 확대되면서, 표준화된 보고 지침의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 LLM을 활용한 연구를 위한 다변수 예측모델의 투명한 보고(TRIPOD-LLM) 지침을 제시하였다. TRIPOD-LLM은 기존 TRIPOD와 인공지능(artificial intelligence) 확장 지침을 기반으로 하며, 바이오 메디컬 분야에서 LLM이 가지는 고유한 도전 과제들을 반영하고 있다. 이 지침은 제목부터 논의까지 주요 내용을 포괄하는 19개 주요 항목과 50개 세부 항목으로 구성되어 있다. 다양한 LLM 연구설계와 작업에 적용할 수 있도록 모듈형 형식을 도입하였고, 모든 연구에 공통적으로 적용할 수 있는 14개 주요 항목과 32개 세부 항목을 포함한다. 이 지침은 신속한 델파이(Delphi) 과정과 전문가 합의를 거쳐 개발하였으며, 투명성과 인간 감독, 과업 특이적 성과(task-specific performance) 보고의 중요성을 강조한다. 또한 지침의 손쉬운 작성과 제출용 PDF 생성을 지원하는 인터랙티브 웹사이트(https://tripod-llm.vercel.app/)를 소개한다. TRIPOD-LLM은 ‘생명력 있는 문서’로서, 연구현장의 변화에 맞추어 지속적으로 개정될 예정이다. 이 지침을 통해 LLM 연구의 보고 수준을 높이고, 재현성과 임상 적용 가능성을 강화하는 데 기여하려고 한다.","journal":"Ewha Medical Journal","year":2025,"id":541956,"datarank":0.2237093536478118,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.05891751034759535,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.05891751034759535,"corpus_percentile":37.634408602150536,"corpus_rank":8063,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8509,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":252285,"name":"Majid Afshar","orcid":"0000-0002-6368-4652","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1360755,"name":"Saleem Ameen","orcid":"0000-0002-2549-4540","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52496,"name":"Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs","orcid":"0000-0001-8605-5392","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1199131,"name":"Shan Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-7999-7410","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":755064,"name":"Giovanni Cacciamani","orcid":"0000-0002-8892-5539","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":483824,"name":"Dina Demner‐Fushman","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":318129,"name":"Dmitriy Dligach","orcid":"0000-0002-2585-2707","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":177142,"name":"Roxana Daneshjou","orcid":"0000-0001-7988-9356","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1360756,"name":"Chrystinne Oliveira Fernandes","orcid":"0000-0002-8623-9500","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1360757,"name":"Lasse Hyldig Hansen","orcid":"0009-0005-1556-679X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":414346,"name":"Adam Landman","orcid":"0000-0002-2166-0521","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":603308,"name":"Lisa Soleymani Lehmann","orcid":"0000-0001-8779-1244","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1176334,"name":"Liam G. McCoy","orcid":"0000-0002-4468-2256","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240708,"name":"Timothy A. Miller","orcid":"0000-0003-4513-403X","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346829,"name":"Amy C. Moreno","orcid":"0000-0001-6762-6807","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1326319,"name":"Nikolaj Munch","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1325953,"name":"David Restrepo","orcid":"0000-0002-3789-1957","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":318131,"name":"Guergana Savova","orcid":"0000-0002-5887-200X","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56401,"name":"Renato Umeton","orcid":"0000-0002-5561-6932","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4670,"name":"Judy Wawira Gichoya","orcid":"0000-0002-1097-316X","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":7301,"name":"Gary S. Collins","orcid":"0000-0002-2772-2316","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":846169,"name":"Karel G. M. Moons","orcid":"0009-0004-7797-1056","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":72211,"name":"Karel G.M. Moons","orcid":"0000-0003-2118-004X","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":229099,"name":"Danielle S. Bitterman","orcid":"0000-0003-0345-2232","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648059,"name":"Jack Gallifant","orcid":"0000-0003-1306-2334","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":1,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:51.593043Z","pmid":"40739974","pmcid":"PMC12362290","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":0.0,"fair_a":0.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":8.3333,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide a persistent identifier for its own dataset, as it has no dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No repository is named as the holder of this study's data.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The data availability statement references the original Nature Medicine article, not this study's own data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper contains no itemised inventory or sentence describing the dataset's content, as there is no dataset. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No dataset identifier for this study appears anywhere in the paper.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides a DOI link to the original article, not a route to its own data; no unconditional access to this study's data is given. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not label the access level of any dataset, as it has no dataset of its own. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No sensitive data are generated or addressed in the paper.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not state any temporal commitment for its own data, as no data exist.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format is named for the released data, as there are no data.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not name a data or metadata community standard applied to its own data. 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[majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":8.33,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence is attached to the data; the CC BY-NC footer applies to the article, not the data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not describe the production of a dataset. 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[majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide a persistent identifier for its own dataset, as it has no dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No repository is named as the holder of this study's data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper provides a DOI link to the original article, not a route to its own data; no unconditional access to this study's data is given. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence is attached to the data; the CC BY-NC footer applies to the article, not the data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No dataset identifier for this study appears anywhere in the paper.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper contains no itemised inventory or sentence describing the dataset's content, as there is no dataset. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not name a data or metadata community standard applied to its own data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 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It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object or variable-definition table is provided for the dataset.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No sensitive data are generated or addressed in the paper.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not have a dataset that depends on or derives from other resources; the cited DOI for the original article is a bibliographic reference, not a qualified reference for data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not state any temporal commitment for its own data, as no data exist.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it.","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:28:54.151307Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}