{"doi":"10.1261/rna.079768.123","title":"Diversity and modularity of tyrosine-accepting tRNA-like structures","abstract":"Certain positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses contain elements at their 3′ termini that structurally mimic tRNAs. These tRNA-like structures (TLSs) are classified based on which amino acid is covalently added to the 3′ end by host aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Recently, a cryoEM reconstruction of a representative tyrosine-accepting tRNA-like structure (TLS Tyr ) from brome mosaic virus (BMV) revealed a unique mode of recognition of the viral anticodon-mimicking domain by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Some viruses in the hordeivirus genus of Virgaviridae are also selectively aminoacylated with tyrosine, yet these TLS RNAs have a different architecture in the 5′ domain that comprises the atypical anticodon loop mimic. Herein, we present bioinformatic and biochemical data supporting a distinct secondary structure for the 5′ domain of the hordeivirus TLS Tyr compared to those in Bromoviridae . Despite forming a different secondary structure, the 5′ domain is necessary to achieve robust in vitro aminoacylation. Furthermore, a chimeric RNA containing the 5′ domain from the BMV TLS Tyr and the 3′ domain from a hordeivirus TLS Tyr are aminoacylated, illustrating modularity in these structured RNA elements. We propose that the structurally distinct 5′ domain of the hordeivirus TLS Tyr s performs the same role in mimicking the anticodon loop as its counterpart in the BMV TLS Tyr . Finally, these structurally and phylogenetically divergent types of TLS Tyr provide insight into the evolutionary connections between all classes of viral tRNA-like structures.","journal":"RNA","year":2023,"id":374004,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9492,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":586000,"name":"Conner J. Langeberg","orcid":"0000-0002-5609-3758","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16335,"name":"Jeffrey Scott Kieft","orcid":"0000-0002-3718-1891","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16334,"name":"Madeline E. Sherlock","orcid":"0000-0002-6471-4243","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:11.341687Z","pmid":"38164607","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}