{"doi":"10.1261/rna.079429.122","title":"Z-RNA biology: a central role in the innate immune response?","abstract":"Z-RNA is a higher-energy, left-handed conformation of RNA, whose function has remained elusive. A growing body of work alludes to regulatory roles for Z-RNA in the immune response. Here, we review how Z-RNA features present in cellular RNAs-especially containing retroelements-could be recognized by a family of winged helix proteins, with an impact on host defense. We also discuss how mutations to specific Z-contacting amino acids disrupt their ability to stabilize Z-RNA, resulting in functional losses. We end by highlighting knowledge gaps in the field, which, if addressed, would significantly advance this active area of research.","journal":"RNA","year":2023,"id":333559,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":22,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9547,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1029364,"name":"Jeffrey B. Krall","orcid":"0000-0001-9179-0623","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445526,"name":"Morkos A. Henen","orcid":"0000-0003-4835-5583","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":393293,"name":"Beat Vögeli","orcid":"0000-0003-1176-3137","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60582,"name":"Quentin Vicens","orcid":"0000-0003-3751-530X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":393289,"name":"Parker J. Nichols","orcid":"0000-0003-1930-6408","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":91,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:09:39.719497Z","pmid":"36596670","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}