{"doi":"10.1247/csf.21022","title":"Expression Patterns and Levels of All Tubulin Isotypes Analyzed in GFP Knock-In <i>C. elegans</i> Strains","abstract":"Most organisms have multiple α- and β-tubulin isotypes that likely contribute to the diversity of microtubule (MT) functions. To understand the functional differences of tubulin isotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans, which has nine α-tubulin isotypes and six β-tubulin isotypes, we systematically constructed null mutants and GFP-fusion strains for all tubulin isotypes with the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed their expression patterns and levels in adult hermaphrodites. Four isotypes-α-tubulins TBA-1 and TBA-2 and β-tubulins TBB-1 and TBB-2-were expressed in virtually all tissues, with a distinct tissue-specific spectrum. Other isotypes were expressed in specific tissues or cell types at significantly lower levels than the broadly expressed isotypes. Four isotypes (TBA-5, TBA-6, TBA-9, and TBB-4) were expressed in different subsets of ciliated sensory neurons, and TBB-4 was inefficiently incorporated into mitotic spindle MTs. Taken together, we propose that MTs in C. elegans are mainly composed of four broadly expressed tubulin isotypes and that incorporation of a small amount of tissue-specific isotypes may contribute to tissue-specific MT properties. These newly constructed strains will be useful for further elucidating the distinct roles of tubulin isotypes.Key words: tubulin isotypes, microtubules, C. elegans.","journal":"Cell Structure and Function","year":2021,"id":173420,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":24,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9405,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":711165,"name":"Kenta Tsuchiya","orcid":"0000-0002-4631-7789","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712128,"name":"Hiroyuki Obinata","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712129,"name":"Shizuka Onodera","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712130,"name":"Yu Honda","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712131,"name":"Yen‐Cheng Lai","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655047,"name":"Nami Haruta","orcid":"0000-0002-4232-9635","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655048,"name":"Asako Sugimoto","orcid":"0000-0001-6001-4293","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711164,"name":"Kei Nishida","orcid":"0000-0001-6493-5436","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":60,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:46:49.903770Z","pmid":"33967119","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}