{"doi":"10.1242/jcs.23.1.335","title":"Phase-randomized laser illumination for microscopy","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A simple apparatus is described that phase randomizes the output of a continuous argon ion laser, so that it may be used as a source of high intensity, monochromatic light for microscopy. The phase-randomizing device can be used with any laser, polarized or unpolarized, and of any desired power output and wavelength, including dye lasers for spectral studies. The randomizing system can be adapted to any light microscope and any optical system including bright-field, phase-contrast, Nomarski differential-interference, dark-field, and split-beam interference systems such as the Jamin-Lebedeff System. It can be used for a variety of photometric and photographic studies. The 514-nm wavelength appears to be relatively harmless to a variety of cells.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Cell Science","year":1977,"id":27554,"datarank":2.4665387416677866,"base_score":3.58351893845611,"endowment":3.58351893845611,"self_citation_contribution":0.5375278407684165,"citation_network_contribution":1.92901090089937,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5375278407684165,"citer_contribution":1.92901090089937,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":35,"citer_count":33,"citers_with_citation_signal":27,"citers_with_endowment":27,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":156724,"name":"Robert Zeh","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":156725,"name":"Robert D. Allen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":156722,"name":"Robert Hard","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.58351893845611,"endowment":3.58351893845611,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"330548","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1768384878","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.3826,"citation_percentile":0.79390496,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article-pdf/23/1/335/2977529/joces_23_1_335.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.23.1.335","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/330548","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/23/1/335","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","Random lasers and scattering media","Lasers","Microscopy","Microscopy, Interference","Microscopy, Phase-Contrast"],"mesh_terms":["Lasers","Microscopy","Microscopy, Interference","Microscopy, Phase-Contrast"],"keywords":["Monochromatic color","Differential interference contrast microscopy","Optics","Laser","Bright-field microscopy","Interference microscopy","Interference (communication)","Microscopy","Wavelength","Microscope","Optical microscope","Phase (matter)","Dark field microscopy","Materials science","Physics","Scanning electron microscope"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-08T18:29:37.519323Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}