{"doi":"10.1242/jcs.03169","title":"Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of human Kank protein accompanies intracellular translocation of β-catenin","abstract":"<jats:p>The human Kank protein has a role in controlling the formation of the cytoskeleton by regulating actin polymerization. Besides the cytoplasmic localization as reported before, we observed the nuclear localization of Kank in OS-RC-2 cells. To uncover the mechanism behind this phenomenon, we focused on the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and the nuclear export signal (NES). We found one NLS (NLS1) and two NESs (NES1 and NES2) in the N-terminal region of Kank-L that were absent in Kank-S, and another NLS (NLS2) and NES (NES3) in the common region. These signals were active as mutations introduced into them abolished the nuclear import (for NLS1 and NLS2) or the nuclear export (for NES1 to NES3) of Kank. The localization of Kank in the cells before and after treatment with leptomycin B suggested that the transportation of Kank from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was mediated by a CRM1-dependent mechanism. TOPFLASH reporter assays revealed a positive relationship between the nuclear import of Kank and the activation of β-catenin-dependent transcription. Kank can bind to β-catenin and regulate the subcellular distribution of β-catenin. Based on the findings shown here, we propose that Kank has multiple functions in the cells and plays different roles in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Cell Science","year":2006,"id":34657,"datarank":2.208445575614542,"base_score":3.5553480614894135,"endowment":3.5553480614894135,"self_citation_contribution":0.5333022092234121,"citation_network_contribution":1.6751433663911302,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5333022092234121,"citer_contribution":1.6751433663911302,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":34,"citer_count":30,"citers_with_citation_signal":28,"citers_with_endowment":28,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":179161,"name":"Naoto Kakinuma","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":43237,"name":"Yun Zhu","orcid":"0000-0002-9500-5415","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":179162,"name":"Ryoiti Kiyama","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39927,"name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-7183-3737","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.5553480614894135,"endowment":3.5553480614894135,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"16968744","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1897999087","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.5452,"citation_percentile":0.63371138,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":1},{"year":2013,"count":2},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":5},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"http://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article-pdf/119/19/4002/1515092/4002.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.03169","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16968744","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://jcs.biologists.org/content/119/19/4002.full.pdf","host_type":"Unpaywall"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA Research and Splicing","Nuclear Structure and Function","Cancer-related gene regulation","Biology"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cells, Cultured","Cytoskeletal Proteins","Fatty Acids, Unsaturated","Humans","Tissue Distribution","Transcription, Genetic","Nuclear Localization Signals","Protein Transport","Protein Sorting Signals","Active Transport, Cell Nucleus","Tumor Suppressor Proteins","NIH 3T3 Cells","Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing","beta Catenin","Mice"],"keywords":["Nuclear export signal","NLS","Nuclear localization sequence","Nuclear transport","Biology","Cytoplasm","Subcellular localization","Cell biology","Importin","Cell nucleus","Nucleus","Chromosomal translocation","Biochemistry","Gene"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-09T19:28:20.317947Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}