{"doi":"10.1242/dmm.050193","title":"Episodic live imaging of cone photoreceptor maturation in GNAT2-EGFP retinal organoids","abstract":"Fluorescent reporter pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids are powerful tools to investigate cell type-specific development and disease phenotypes. When combined with live imaging, they enable direct and repeated observation of cell behaviors within a developing retinal tissue. Here, we generated a human cone photoreceptor reporter line by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of WTC11-mTagRFPT-LMNB1 human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by inserting enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) coding sequences and a 2A self-cleaving peptide at the N-terminus of guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha transducin 2 (GNAT2). In retinal organoids generated from these iPSCs, the GNAT2-EGFP alleles robustly and exclusively labeled immature and mature cones. Episodic confocal live imaging of hydrogel immobilized retinal organoids allowed tracking of the morphological maturation of individual cones for >18 weeks and revealed inner segment accumulation of mitochondria and growth at 12.2 μm3 per day from day 126 to day 153. Immobilized GNAT2-EGFP cone reporter organoids provide a valuable tool for investigating human cone development and disease.","journal":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","year":2023,"id":375876,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9439,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1138745,"name":"David S. Koos","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":730819,"name":"Kayla Stepanian","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473401,"name":"Zachary Fouladian","orcid":"0000-0003-1447-8884","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1138391,"name":"Dominic WH Shayler","orcid":"0000-0003-1971-2617","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":730171,"name":"Jennifer G. Aparicio","orcid":"0000-0002-6442-3032","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230518,"name":"Scott E. Fraser","orcid":"0000-0002-5377-0223","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1138392,"name":"Rex Moats","orcid":"0000-0002-5448-6988","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317495,"name":"David Cobrinik","orcid":"0000-0002-4478-2417","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1138744,"name":"Jinlun Bai","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:23.381203Z","pmid":"37902188","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}