{"doi":"10.1242/dev.126.7.1349","title":"The development and evolution of bristle patterns in Diptera","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The spatial distribution of sensory bristles on the notum of different species of Diptera is compared. Species displaying ancestral features have a simple organization of randomly distributed, but uniformly spaced, bristles, whereas species thought to be more derived bear patterns in which the bristles are aligned into longitudinal rows. The number of rows of large bristles on the scutum was probably restricted to four early on in the evolution of cyclorraphous Brachyceran flies. Most species have stereotyped patterns based on modifications of these four rows. The possible constraints placed upon the patterning mechanisms due to growth and moulting within the Diptera are discussed, as well as within hemimetabolous insects. The holometabolic life cycle and the setting aside of groups of imaginal cells whose function is not required during the growth period, may have provided the freedom necessary for the evolution of elaborate bristle patterns. We briefly review the current state of knowledge concerning the complex genetic pathways regulating achaete-scute gene expression and bristle pattern in Drosophila melanogaster, and consider mechanisms for the genetic regulation of the bristle patterns of other species of Diptera.</jats:p>","journal":"Development","year":1999,"id":670778,"datarank":0.7130385286659547,"base_score":4.7535901911063645,"endowment":4.7535901911063645,"self_citation_contribution":0.7130385286659547,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7130385286659547,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":115,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1752254,"name":"Roxane Woehl","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1752255,"name":"Kazuya Usui","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1751801,"name":"Pat Simpson","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"The development and evolution of bristle patterns in Diptera","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The spatial distribution of sensory bristles on the notum of different species of Diptera is compared. Species displaying ancestral features have a simple organization of randomly distributed, but uniformly spaced, bristles, whereas species thought to be more derived bear patterns in which the bristles are aligned into longitudinal rows. The number of rows of large bristles on the scutum was probably restricted to four early on in the evolution of cyclorraphous Brachyceran flies. Most species have stereotyped patterns based on modifications of these four rows. The possible constraints placed upon the patterning mechanisms due to growth and moulting within the Diptera are discussed, as well as within hemimetabolous insects. The holometabolic life cycle and the setting aside of groups of imaginal cells whose function is not required during the growth period, may have provided the freedom necessary for the evolution of elaborate bristle patterns. We briefly review the current state of knowledge concerning the complex genetic pathways regulating achaete-scute gene expression and bristle pattern in Drosophila melanogaster, and consider mechanisms for the genetic regulation of the bristle patterns of other species of Diptera.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.7535901911063645,"endowment":4.7535901911063645,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"10068629","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2184228299","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.3805,"citation_percentile":0.89247727,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":6},{"year":2013,"count":2},{"year":2014,"count":3},{"year":2015,"count":5},{"year":2016,"count":5},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":6},{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":5},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":5}],"oa_status":"green","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10767547","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10767547","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-pdf/126/7/1349/3130796/develop_126_7_1349.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.7.1349","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10068629","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hal.science/hal-04055799","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/126/7/1349","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://zenodo.org/records/10767547/files/Simpson%20et%20al.,%201999.pdf","host_type":"Unpaywall"}],"fields_of_study":["Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","Animals","Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins","Biological Evolution","Body Patterning","DNA-Binding Proteins","Diptera","Drosophila Proteins","Drosophila melanogaster","Gene Expression Regulation","Phylogeny","Transcription Factors"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Diptera","DNA-Binding Proteins","Drosophila melanogaster","Biological Evolution","Gene Expression Regulation","Phylogeny","Transcription Factors","Body Patterning","Drosophila Proteins","Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins","Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors"],"keywords":["Bristle","Biology","Drosophila melanogaster","Evolutionary biology","Melanogaster","Genetics","Gene"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-15T23:48:16.461080Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}